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Schiff's test.

Schiff's test.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Provide the chemical drawing for the Schiff's test.

**Chemical Analysis Results Table** | Test | Result | |--------------------------|------------------------------| | **DNP Test** | + orange solid | | **Tollens Test** | Silver mirror | | **Benedicts Test** | Red precipitate | | **Schiff's Test** | Pink color | | **Chromic Acid Test** | Green precipitate | | **DNP Derivative Mpt** | 160°C | | **Semicarbazide Mpt** | 225°C | | **Phenyl Hydrazine Mpt** | 240°C | **Explanation:** This table details the qualitative and quantitative results of an unknown compound subjected to various chemical tests. - The **DNP test** resulted in an orange solid, indicating the presence of a carbonyl group (like aldehydes or ketones). - The **Tollens test** produced a silver mirror, suggesting the presence of an aldehyde. - The **Benedicts test** yielded a red precipitate, further confirming the presence of a reducing sugar or aldehyde. - **Schiff's test** showed a pink color, which also supports the presence of aldehydes. - Using **Chromic Acid**, a green precipitate was observed, consistent with aldehydes as they can be oxidized. - Melting points (mpt) were recorded for several derivatives: - **DNP derivative** at 160°C - **Semicarbazide** at 225°C - **Phenyl hydrazine** at 240°C These results collectively help in identifying the unknown compound by matching these characteristics with known data.
Transcribed Image Text:**Chemical Analysis Results Table** | Test | Result | |--------------------------|------------------------------| | **DNP Test** | + orange solid | | **Tollens Test** | Silver mirror | | **Benedicts Test** | Red precipitate | | **Schiff's Test** | Pink color | | **Chromic Acid Test** | Green precipitate | | **DNP Derivative Mpt** | 160°C | | **Semicarbazide Mpt** | 225°C | | **Phenyl Hydrazine Mpt** | 240°C | **Explanation:** This table details the qualitative and quantitative results of an unknown compound subjected to various chemical tests. - The **DNP test** resulted in an orange solid, indicating the presence of a carbonyl group (like aldehydes or ketones). - The **Tollens test** produced a silver mirror, suggesting the presence of an aldehyde. - The **Benedicts test** yielded a red precipitate, further confirming the presence of a reducing sugar or aldehyde. - **Schiff's test** showed a pink color, which also supports the presence of aldehydes. - Using **Chromic Acid**, a green precipitate was observed, consistent with aldehydes as they can be oxidized. - Melting points (mpt) were recorded for several derivatives: - **DNP derivative** at 160°C - **Semicarbazide** at 225°C - **Phenyl hydrazine** at 240°C These results collectively help in identifying the unknown compound by matching these characteristics with known data.
### Infrared Spectrum Analysis The image displays an infrared (IR) spectrum, which is a graph showing how a sample absorbs infrared light. This type of analysis is crucial for identifying chemical compounds and examining molecular structure. #### Graph Details: - **Title:** Infrared Spectrum - **Axes:** - **X-axis:** Wavenumber (cm<sup>-1</sup>). This typically ranges from around 4000 to 400 cm<sup>-1</sup>, suggesting the region of the infrared spectrum under analysis. The wavenumber is inversely proportional to the wavelength. - **Y-axis:** Transmittance. This indicates the percentage of light that passes through the sample. The values range from 0 (no light transmitted) to 1 (all light transmitted). #### Spectrum Characteristics: - The **red line** represents the transmittance as a function of the wavenumber. - **Peaks (or troughs)** in the spectrum occur where the sample absorbs infrared light at specific wavenumbers. These correspond to the vibrational frequencies of the bonds in the molecules. - Notable **absorption bands** appear between 4000–500 cm<sup>-1</sup>, indicating the presence of specific functional groups or chemical bonds. #### Interpretation: - The pattern and location of the peaks provide insight into the molecular composition of the sample. - By comparing the peaks to known reference spectra, it is possible to identify certain functional groups or even entire compounds. ### Educational Implications Infrared spectroscopy is an essential tool in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science, allowing for non-destructive analysis of substances. Understanding how to interpret these graphs is crucial for students and professionals working with chemical identification and molecular structure analysis.
Transcribed Image Text:### Infrared Spectrum Analysis The image displays an infrared (IR) spectrum, which is a graph showing how a sample absorbs infrared light. This type of analysis is crucial for identifying chemical compounds and examining molecular structure. #### Graph Details: - **Title:** Infrared Spectrum - **Axes:** - **X-axis:** Wavenumber (cm<sup>-1</sup>). This typically ranges from around 4000 to 400 cm<sup>-1</sup>, suggesting the region of the infrared spectrum under analysis. The wavenumber is inversely proportional to the wavelength. - **Y-axis:** Transmittance. This indicates the percentage of light that passes through the sample. The values range from 0 (no light transmitted) to 1 (all light transmitted). #### Spectrum Characteristics: - The **red line** represents the transmittance as a function of the wavenumber. - **Peaks (or troughs)** in the spectrum occur where the sample absorbs infrared light at specific wavenumbers. These correspond to the vibrational frequencies of the bonds in the molecules. - Notable **absorption bands** appear between 4000–500 cm<sup>-1</sup>, indicating the presence of specific functional groups or chemical bonds. #### Interpretation: - The pattern and location of the peaks provide insight into the molecular composition of the sample. - By comparing the peaks to known reference spectra, it is possible to identify certain functional groups or even entire compounds. ### Educational Implications Infrared spectroscopy is an essential tool in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science, allowing for non-destructive analysis of substances. Understanding how to interpret these graphs is crucial for students and professionals working with chemical identification and molecular structure analysis.
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