Saturated liquid water, initially at 25°C contained inside a tank, is then delivered by a pump at 5 MPa to a heat exchanger. At the heat exchanger inlet, the water temperature is changed to 40°C, and the water is heated isobarically inside the heat exchanger until its temperature at the heat exchanger outlet changes to 330°C. Illustrate the above process by sketching from initial to final state on a T-v diagram complete with the saturation line, pressure curves, and plot the points for each state. Show their axis values on the diagram, and compare all the phases of each state involved in the above process.

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Strain energy

The term strain indicates the variation in an object's length, area, and volume when the object is subjected to an external force. The external force may be of normal, shear, moment, torque, etc. The strain in an object depends on the types of external force and cross-section of the object. Mathematically, the evaluation of strain can be obtained with the help of elastic constants.