SATP conditions P= 100.0 kPa T = 25 °C R 8.314 kPa-L/ (mol-K) R= 62.37 mmHg-L/ (mol-K) R=0.08206 atm-L/ (mol-K) STP conditions Pressure Conversions P= 101.325 kPa T= 0 °C 101.325 kPa = 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr 1. A birthday balloon contains 2.0 L of air at STP. What volume will the balloon have at SATP? 2. If 116.7mL of propane gas is released from a gas tank at 23°C, what temperature, in °C, would be required to decrease the volume to 95.0mL? 3. Calculate the density of sulphur dioxide at STP. 4. A 1L steel tank is fitted with a safety valve that opens if the internal pressures exceed 10000 mmHg. It is filled with Carbo Dioxide gas at 35°C and 2.991 atm and placed in boiling water at exactly 100°C. Will the safety valve open? Show your proof. 5. How many grams of sulfur dioxide are in 36.32 L at STP? " 6. Container A (with volume 1.23 L) contains a gas under 3.24 atm of pressure. Container B (with volume 0.93 L) contains a gas under 2.82 atm of pressure. Container C (with volume 1.42 L) contains a gas under 1.21 atm of pressure. If all of these gases are put into Container D (with volume 1.51 L), what is the pressure in Container D 7. A 5.0 L of sulfur hexafluoride is collected at 205.0°C and 350 kPa. What pressure must be applied to this gas to reduce its volume to 1.7 L at 25°C? - 8. What volume of NH3 gas, collected over water at 23°C and 100 kPa, will be produced by the reaction of 25.5 g of Ca(OH)₂ with NH-CI?

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Ideal and Real Gases

Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,

Gas Laws

Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.

Gaseous State

It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.