Samuel is suffering from chronic renal failure, characterized by a gradualdecrease in his kidneys’ ability to perform their normal functions.Over the past few months, blood tests have indicated an increasingconcentration of urea in his blood, which is a sign that the concentrationof urea in the extracellular fluid is also increasing. Urea, a toxic wasteproduced inside cells, diffuses across the plasma membrane into theextracellular fluid. The kidneys eliminate excess urea in the urine. Explainwhy the extracellular concentration of urea is increasing, and predict howthe intracellular concentration of urea is changing.

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.