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Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
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**Title: Understanding Fracture Surfaces in Different Materials under Uniaxial Tension**

**Description:**

In this section, we will explore the expected fracture surfaces of various materials when subjected to uniaxial tension. These materials include:

a) **Glass Stirring Rod**: Typically found in chemistry labs, a glass rod will exhibit a brittle fracture. The fracture surface is likely to be flat and perpendicular to the direction of the applied force with a shiny, smooth appearance. This is characteristic of materials that break suddenly without significant deformation.

b) **Aluminum Rod (Annealed to a Soft Condition)**: When an annealed aluminum rod is broken under uniaxial tension, it is expected to show a ductile fracture. The surface will likely appear rough and have a cup-and-cone shape, indicative of significant plastic deformation prior to failure.

c) **“Laffy Taffy” Bar Pulled Slowly**: A slowly pulled "Laffy Taffy" bar will likely show a very ductile fracture. The material will undergo extensive plastic deformation, resulting in a highly elongated and stretched fracture surface with fibrous textures.

d) **“Laffy Taffy” Bar Pulled Very Quickly**: When pulled quickly, the "Laffy Taffy" bar may exhibit a more brittle fracture compared to when pulled slowly. The surface could appear rougher and less elongated, indicating a reduced capacity for plastic deformation under rapid loading conditions.

**Note**: Visual illustrations or diagrams of these fracture surfaces are not provided here, but sketches typically involve representing the smooth or rough textures and any distinguishing features like elongations or cup-and-cone shapes.

Understanding these fracture characteristics helps in analyzing material properties and their behavior under different stress conditions, essential for engineering and material science applications.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Fracture Surfaces in Different Materials under Uniaxial Tension** **Description:** In this section, we will explore the expected fracture surfaces of various materials when subjected to uniaxial tension. These materials include: a) **Glass Stirring Rod**: Typically found in chemistry labs, a glass rod will exhibit a brittle fracture. The fracture surface is likely to be flat and perpendicular to the direction of the applied force with a shiny, smooth appearance. This is characteristic of materials that break suddenly without significant deformation. b) **Aluminum Rod (Annealed to a Soft Condition)**: When an annealed aluminum rod is broken under uniaxial tension, it is expected to show a ductile fracture. The surface will likely appear rough and have a cup-and-cone shape, indicative of significant plastic deformation prior to failure. c) **“Laffy Taffy” Bar Pulled Slowly**: A slowly pulled "Laffy Taffy" bar will likely show a very ductile fracture. The material will undergo extensive plastic deformation, resulting in a highly elongated and stretched fracture surface with fibrous textures. d) **“Laffy Taffy” Bar Pulled Very Quickly**: When pulled quickly, the "Laffy Taffy" bar may exhibit a more brittle fracture compared to when pulled slowly. The surface could appear rougher and less elongated, indicating a reduced capacity for plastic deformation under rapid loading conditions. **Note**: Visual illustrations or diagrams of these fracture surfaces are not provided here, but sketches typically involve representing the smooth or rough textures and any distinguishing features like elongations or cup-and-cone shapes. Understanding these fracture characteristics helps in analyzing material properties and their behavior under different stress conditions, essential for engineering and material science applications.
Expert Solution
Step 1: Brief about the surface fracture.

The mechanism behind the fracture surface is highly dependent on the type of material. For instance, the ductile materials fail under the cup and cone format whereas the brittle materials fail on flat surfaces.


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