rt A (Introduction): a) Write an introduction: • Explain the problem in general (e.g., vitamin D deficiency and recommended vitamin D level). Support your opinion with at least one reference (Harvard referencing), and Introduce all 5 variables: country (add frequency table), sun exposure (add frequency table), gender (add frequency table), age (add summary statistics vs. country, sun exposure and gender), and vitamin D level (add summary statistics vs. country, sun exposure and gender). Plot a histogram with a superimposed normal curve for both age and vitamin D level and describe your findings. Convert age to a categorical variable (call it NewAge) with 2 levels (<40 = "1", ≥ 40 "11") Create a side-by-side boxplot for vitamin D level vs. NewAge and a side- by-side boxplot for vitamin D level vs. country. Create a scatterplot to show the relationship between vitamin D level and Age. Compare these two side-by-side boxplots and the scatterplot and explain your findings. • Note: Write appropriate captions for the tables, graphs, and outputs.

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Part A (Introduction):
a) Write an introduction:
• Explain the problem in general (e.g., vitamin D deficiency and
recommended vitamin D level). Support your opinion with at least one
reference (Harvard referencing), and
Introduce all 5 variables: country (add frequency table), sun exposure
(add frequency table), gender (add frequency table), age (add summary
statistics vs. country, sun exposure and gender), and vitamin D level (add
summary statistics vs. country, sun exposure and gender).
Plot a histogram with a superimposed normal curve for both age and
vitamin D level and describe your findings.
Convert age to a categorical variable (call it NewAge) with 2 levels
(<40= "1", ≥ 40 "11")
Create a side-by-side boxplot for vitamin D level vs. NewAge and a side-
by-side boxplot for vitamin D level vs. country.
Create a scatterplot to show the relationship between vitamin D level
and Age.
Compare these two side-by-side boxplots and the scatterplot and explain
your findings.
• Note: Write appropriate captions for the tables, graphs, and outputs.
Transcribed Image Text:Part A (Introduction): a) Write an introduction: • Explain the problem in general (e.g., vitamin D deficiency and recommended vitamin D level). Support your opinion with at least one reference (Harvard referencing), and Introduce all 5 variables: country (add frequency table), sun exposure (add frequency table), gender (add frequency table), age (add summary statistics vs. country, sun exposure and gender), and vitamin D level (add summary statistics vs. country, sun exposure and gender). Plot a histogram with a superimposed normal curve for both age and vitamin D level and describe your findings. Convert age to a categorical variable (call it NewAge) with 2 levels (<40= "1", ≥ 40 "11") Create a side-by-side boxplot for vitamin D level vs. NewAge and a side- by-side boxplot for vitamin D level vs. country. Create a scatterplot to show the relationship between vitamin D level and Age. Compare these two side-by-side boxplots and the scatterplot and explain your findings. • Note: Write appropriate captions for the tables, graphs, and outputs.
Country
ABBB ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡
Other
Other
Other
Male
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Male
Male
Male
Male
Mela
Male
Female
Female
Female
Female
Female
Other
Other
Other
Other
Other
Male
Male
Male
Male
Sun Exposure
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Med
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
www.
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderato
Moderate
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
*******
High
High
High
High
High
High
37
36
50
32
37
32
46
46
41
49
35
51
49
47
46
41
47
49
43
48
47
49
45
49
45
6
Age
Vitamin D level
Transcribed Image Text:Country ABBB ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ ♡ Other Other Other Male Male Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Female Other Other Other Other Other Other Male Male Male Male Mela Male Female Female Female Female Female Other Other Other Other Other Male Male Male Male Sun Exposure Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate High High High High High High High High High High High High Low Low Low Low Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Med Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate www. Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderato Moderate High High High High High High High High High ******* High High High High High High 37 36 50 32 37 32 46 46 41 49 35 51 49 47 46 41 47 49 43 48 47 49 45 49 45 6 Age Vitamin D level
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Part B (Methodology):
In your methodology section, introduce the following three analyses with
assumptions and models.
The response variable for all models will be vitamin D level.
•
•
•
Factorial ANOVA - two factors: "Sun_Exposure", "Gender"
Blocking (randomised design) - two fixed factors: "Sun_Exposure",
"Gender" and one random factor: "Country"
ANCOVA - two factors: "Sun_Exposure", "Gender" and continuous
variable: "Age".
Based on your findings in Part A, explain why we expect to get similar results for
these factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA tests.
Transcribed Image Text:Part B (Methodology): In your methodology section, introduce the following three analyses with assumptions and models. The response variable for all models will be vitamin D level. • • • Factorial ANOVA - two factors: "Sun_Exposure", "Gender" Blocking (randomised design) - two fixed factors: "Sun_Exposure", "Gender" and one random factor: "Country" ANCOVA - two factors: "Sun_Exposure", "Gender" and continuous variable: "Age". Based on your findings in Part A, explain why we expect to get similar results for these factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA tests.
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