) Room ventilation is an important area of environmental and architectural engineering for the application of fluid mechanics. Suppose there is a source S (mass per unit time) of air pollution in a room of volume V. Examples include carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke or an unvented kerosene heater, emissions from household cleaning products, and vapors given off by evaporation of volatile organic compounds from an open container. Let C represent the mass concentration (mass of contaminant per unit volume of air) and Q represent the volumetric flow rate of fresh air entering the room. If the room air is well mixed so that the concentration is uniform throughout the room, but varies with time, the differential equation for mass concentration in the room is:   Where kw is an adsorption coefficient and As is the surface area of walls, floors, etc., that adsorb some of the contaminant. V.dC/dt = S-QC-Aw.As.C Write the primary dimensions of the first three additive terms in the equation, and verify that those terms are dimensionally homogeneous. Then determine the dimensions of kw. Use Cmax, the maximum allowable concentration of the pollutant, along with the other parameters V, S, kw, Q, and As to rewrite the equation in dimensionless form. Identify any established dimensionless groups that may appear. Use C* = C/Cmax and t*=Qt/V.

Structural Analysis
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Chapter2: Loads On Structures
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  1. ) Room ventilation is an important area of environmental and architectural engineering for the application of fluid mechanics. Suppose there is a source S (mass per unit time) of air pollution in a room of volume V. Examples include carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke or an unvented kerosene heater, emissions from household cleaning products, and vapors given off by evaporation of volatile organic compounds from an open container. Let C represent the mass concentration (mass of contaminant per unit volume of air) and Q represent the volumetric flow rate of fresh air entering the room. If the room air is well mixed so that the concentration is uniform throughout the room, but varies with time, the differential equation for mass concentration in the room is:

 

Where kw is an adsorption coefficient and As is the surface area of walls, floors, etc., that adsorb some of the contaminant. V.dC/dt = S-QC-Aw.As.C

  1. Write the primary dimensions of the first three additive terms in the equation, and verify that those terms are dimensionally homogeneous. Then determine the dimensions of kw.
  2. Use Cmax, the maximum allowable concentration of the pollutant, along with the other parameters V, S, kw, Q, and As to rewrite the equation in dimensionless form. Identify any established dimensionless groups that may appear. Use C* = C/Cmax and t*=Qt/V.

 

The image is a diagram illustrating the flow and concentration dynamics within a ventilated room. The diagram represents a simple model of air exchange.

### Elements in the Diagram:

- **Supply and Exhaust**: The top portion shows two openings. The left opening is labeled "Supply," indicating where air is introduced into the room. The right opening is labeled "Exhaust," where air exits.

- **Airflow and Concentration**: 
  - The pink arrows depict the airflow pattern within the room, illustrating how the supplied air circulates before being exhausted.
  - The room contains several variables and symbols:
    - **Q**: Represents the volumetric flow rate of the supply air.
    - **c(t)**: Denotes the concentration of a particular component (e.g., pollutant or tracer gas) within the room as a function of time.
    - **V**: Indicates the volume of the room.
    - **Aₛ**: Represents the area of the source emitting the tracer or pollutant.
    - **k₆**: Appears to be a coefficient or constant related to the process within the system, possibly a rate of reaction or transfer.
    - **S**: Might signify a source term, possibly representing a continuous emission source within the room.

This diagram is useful for understanding concepts related to indoor air quality, ventilation efficiency, and pollutant distribution. It emphasizes the role of supply and exhaust systems in maintaining desired air circulation and concentration levels within an enclosed space.
Transcribed Image Text:The image is a diagram illustrating the flow and concentration dynamics within a ventilated room. The diagram represents a simple model of air exchange. ### Elements in the Diagram: - **Supply and Exhaust**: The top portion shows two openings. The left opening is labeled "Supply," indicating where air is introduced into the room. The right opening is labeled "Exhaust," where air exits. - **Airflow and Concentration**: - The pink arrows depict the airflow pattern within the room, illustrating how the supplied air circulates before being exhausted. - The room contains several variables and symbols: - **Q**: Represents the volumetric flow rate of the supply air. - **c(t)**: Denotes the concentration of a particular component (e.g., pollutant or tracer gas) within the room as a function of time. - **V**: Indicates the volume of the room. - **Aₛ**: Represents the area of the source emitting the tracer or pollutant. - **k₆**: Appears to be a coefficient or constant related to the process within the system, possibly a rate of reaction or transfer. - **S**: Might signify a source term, possibly representing a continuous emission source within the room. This diagram is useful for understanding concepts related to indoor air quality, ventilation efficiency, and pollutant distribution. It emphasizes the role of supply and exhaust systems in maintaining desired air circulation and concentration levels within an enclosed space.
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