• Riemann's definition: f is integrable on [a, b] if and only if for some I e R, for any ɛ > 0, there is & > 0 such that for any partition P : a = xo < ¤1 < • ·< xn =bwith |P| = max |x; – xi-1| < 8, any choices of Ef(&)(#1 – #i-1) – 1|< e. i=1 • Darboux's definition: f is integrable on [a, b] if and only if f is bounded and the upper integral equals to lower integral, i.e., U(f) = infU(f, P) = L(f) = sup L(f, P). P Show that these two definitions are equivalent using the Darboux's Theorem: U(f) = lim U(f, P), |P|→0 L(f) = lim L(f, P). |P]¬0 dint: from Darboux's definition to Riemann's, it is basically an application of the squeeze theorem; from Riemann's lefinition to Darboux's, use the definition of inf and sup to approximate any lower/upper sums by Riemann sums. Be careful that you cannot assume f is continuous, so the suprema and infima may not be achieved!

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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Recall that we have two definitions for integrability.
• Riemann's definition: f is integrable on [a, b] if and only if for some I E R, for any ɛ > 0, there is & > 0 such
that for any partition P : a = xo < x1 < • .< xn = b with P= max r; – xi–1 < 8, any choices of
i
&i E [Ti, ti-1],
- Xi-1
E.
i=1
• Darboux's definition: f is integrable on [a, b| if and only if f is bounded and the upper integral equals to lower
integral, i.e.,
U(f) = infU(f, P) = L(f)
sup L(f, P).
P
Show that these two definitions are equivalent using the Darboux's Theorem:
U(f) = lim U(f, P),
|P|¬0
L(f) = lim L(f, P).
|P|→0
Hint: from Darboux's definition to Riemann's, it is basically an application of the squeeze theorem; from Riemann's
definition to Darboux's, use the definition of inf and sup to approximate any lower/upper sums by Riemann sums.
Be careful that you cannot assume f is continuous, so the suprema and infima may not be achieved!
Transcribed Image Text:Recall that we have two definitions for integrability. • Riemann's definition: f is integrable on [a, b] if and only if for some I E R, for any ɛ > 0, there is & > 0 such that for any partition P : a = xo < x1 < • .< xn = b with P= max r; – xi–1 < 8, any choices of i &i E [Ti, ti-1], - Xi-1 E. i=1 • Darboux's definition: f is integrable on [a, b| if and only if f is bounded and the upper integral equals to lower integral, i.e., U(f) = infU(f, P) = L(f) sup L(f, P). P Show that these two definitions are equivalent using the Darboux's Theorem: U(f) = lim U(f, P), |P|¬0 L(f) = lim L(f, P). |P|→0 Hint: from Darboux's definition to Riemann's, it is basically an application of the squeeze theorem; from Riemann's definition to Darboux's, use the definition of inf and sup to approximate any lower/upper sums by Riemann sums. Be careful that you cannot assume f is continuous, so the suprema and infima may not be achieved!
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