Rh D - negative individuals generate an immune response when they are exposed to the Rh-D antigen. However, incompatibility in the ABO blood group system occurs naturally in the presence of exposure to the A or B antigen in the blood from individuals. Why do individuals produce an immune response the first time they encounter the A or B antigen as an adult

Rh D - negative individuals generate an immune response when they are exposed to the Rh-D antigen. However, incompatibility in the ABO blood group system occurs naturally in the presence of exposure to the A or B antigen in the blood from individuals. Why do individuals produce an immune response the first time they encounter the A or B antigen as an adult

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16QP: Blood Types Are Determined by Cell-Surface Antigens Is it more important that transfused blood have...

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Rh D - negative individuals generate an immune response when are exposed to the Rh -D antigen . However, incompatibility in the ABO blood group system occurs naturally in the absence pf expsure to the A or B antigen in the blood from another individual. Why do individuals produce an immune response the first time encounter the A or B antigen as an adult?
D-negative individuals generate an immune response when they are exposed to the Rh-D antigen. However, incompatibility in the ABO blood group system occurs naturally in the absence pf exposure to the A or B antigen in the blood from another individual. Why do individuals produce an immune response the first time they encounter the A or B antigen as an adult?
The cell surface markers found on red blood cells that relate to an individual's ABO blood type and trigger antibody reactions are known as
If the thymus of an adult experimental animal is removed, the following observations can be made: (a) No immediate effect occurs, and (b) after 1 year, decreases occur in the number of lymphocytes in the blood, the ability to reject grafts, and the ability to produce antibodies. Explain these observations.
In terms of antigens and antibodies, explain why O- is considered a universal donor and why AB+ is considered a universal recipient. Even so, why can’t whole blood O- be donated to a person of type AB+ blood?
How do humans produce antibodies to blood group antigens to which they have not previously been exposed? briefly explain
What antibodies does a person with B+ blood contain?
Why is it that Rh incompatibility can be a serious problem when anRh-negative mother is carrying an Rh-positive fetus, but ABOincompatibility between mother and fetus is usually no problem?That is, a type A mother can usually safely carry a type B fetus.(Hint: The antibodies produced by an Rh-negative mother againstthe Rh antigen are usually IgG, whereas the antibodies producedagainst the A or B antigens are IgM.) Because the Rh antigenobviously serves no vital function (most humans lack it), why do youthink it hasn’t been completely eliminated during human evolution?
What are ABO blood-group antigens?
If a person is given a transfusion with the wrong blood type, what mechanism of action is responsible for the reaction seen in the body? O 1) IgE binds to mast cells releasing cytokines 2) Antigen-antibody complexes (IgG, IgM and IgA) lodge in basement membranes of tissues, neutrophil degranulation damages the tissues O 3) T cells respond to the inappropriate cells 4) IgG and IgM bind to cells stimulating complement, triggering cell lysis
Under what conditions might a person with Rh- blood develop Rh antibodies? Why can Rh+ blood be given only once to a non-sensitized person who is Rh-?
You have a patient with abnormally high IgE antibodies. What are two scenarios that might lead to a high level of IgE antibodies? How would you find out which scenario is causing the increase in IgE?