Respond to the following: a) What is the combined effect of terrestrial curvature and atmospheric refraction in meters, at distances of 1.00 miles and 1000 meters. b) What is the total error?   1 Mile = 1,609,344 meters C = 0.574 (M) 2 C = 0.0675 (k) 2

Q: For the accompanying figure, compute the following: a) Deflection angle at B. b) Interior angle at…

A: Civil surveying is a type of engineering that involves assessing and recording information about a…

Q: The following 8 linear measurements were taken over a relatively flat surface at different…

A: The measurements in the survey require some operations such as pointing, centering, and reading. As…

Q: In the accompanying sketch, a vertical angle of -14°30' is read to a target 3.50 m above point M.…

A:

Q: On a large lake without waves how far from shore is a sailboat when the top of it's 25' mast…

A: The distance from the observer view to the sailboat for a wave is given by:…

Q: 13. The following table gives two-way travel-times of seismic waves reflected from different…

A:

Q: The combined correction due to curvature and refraction (in m) for a distance of 1 km on the surface…

A: Given data: Distance, D = 1 m (on the surface of earth).

Q: If an EDM instrument has a stated accuracy of +-(2mm+3ppm) what error can be expected in a measured…

A: Given data in question  EMD instrument Accuracy Distance To find out  Error

Q: 2. Given: Shaded area shown below Find: (1) moment of inertia of shaded area about x-axis and (2)…

A: To Determine: Part (1): The moment of inertia of shaded area about the x-axis. Part (2): The moment…

Q: Point A is in between points B and C, the distances of B and C from B and C from point A are 1000m…

A: given data B and C from point A are 1000m and 2000m respectively  The angle of elevation of point B…

Q: Assume the speed of electromagnetic energy through the atmosphere is 299,784,458 m/sec for…

A: given data speed=299,784,458m/s error=800m time lag in equipment using the equation-

Q: The error of curvature and refraction of distance 1243.36 m, is: Answer: Choose... +

A: Given distance = 124.36m = 0.12436 Km

Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.