Researchers are interested in whether drinking coffee can improve exam performance for college students. They interviewed a random sample of 600 current college students and recorded their most recent midterm exam grades (all given on a scale of 0-100%). The students who drank at least one cup of coffee per day during the week of their midterms averaged 78% on their midterms, while students who drank less than one cup of coffee per day averaged 79%. Identify the four steps of this investigation. What can the researchers conclude? Think carefully about whether there is evidence of causality, no causality, an association, no association, or none of these.

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
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ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
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Chapter1: The Science Of Psychology
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Researchers are interested in whether drinking coffee can improve exam performance for college students. They interviewed a random sample of 600 current college students and recorded their most recent midterm exam grades (all given on a scale of 0-100%). The students who drank at least one cup of coffee per day during the week of their midterms averaged 78% on their midterms, while students who drank less than one cup of coffee per day averaged 79%.

Identify the four steps of this investigation. What can the researchers conclude? Think carefully about whether there is evidence of causality, no causality, an association, no association, or none of these.

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