Represent the structures of intermediates (A – C) and product D. Propose a mechanism for each of the steps.
When a group that has acidic hydrogen is treated with a base, it results in the formation of a carbanion by the removal of hydrogen. In a carbanion, the carbon atom has a unit negative charge. In an aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reaction, the nucleophile substitutes another group from the molecule and it results in the formation of a new chemical bond.
The groups that are used to prevent a certain group from participating in the chemical reaction are termed as the protecting group. For example, the aldehyde (-CHO) functional group can be protected by treating it with glycol in the acidic medium.
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