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HBr

HBr

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Show stepwise mechanism by pushing arrows (fishhook) and drawing ALL intermediates. Draw a detailed mechanism for the addition of HBr to 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene in the presence of dimethlyperoxide. Show and label all steps including, initiation, propagation, and termination.

### Electrophilic Addition Reaction of Alkenes: Reaction with HBr In this diagram, we observe the electrophilic addition reaction of an alkene with a hydrogen bromide (HBr) molecule. #### Reactants: 1. **Alkene**: The structure of the reactant alkene is depicted on the left side of the image. It includes: - A double bond between two carbon atoms (indicated by the double line). - Two additional single bonds extending from the central carbon atoms forming a branched structure with a methyl group. 2. **Hydrogen Bromide (HBr)**: Denoted by the chemical symbol "HBr" above the arrow. #### Reaction Description: - The arrow indicates the direction of the chemical reaction, moving from the alkene (left) to the product (right). - The presence of HBr signifies that the alkene undergoes an electrophilic addition reaction where HBr adds across the carbon-carbon double bond of the alkene. #### Products: The resulting product structure is depicted on the right side of the image, displaying: - The original carbon chain modified through the addition reaction. - The double bond in the alkene is broken, resulting in single bonds. - A bromine (Br) atom is added to one of the carbon atoms that were previously part of the double bond. - The hydrogen (H) atom from HBr is added to the other carbon atom from the double bond. ### Explanation of the Electrophilic Addition Reaction In an electrophilic addition reaction, the pi electrons of the alkene double bond react with the electrophile (HBr in this case). The double bond breaks, and the electrophile is added to the resulting single-bonded carbon atoms. This type of reaction typically proceeds via a two-step mechanism involving the formation of a carbocation intermediate. ### Visualization of the Reaction Process: 1. **Initial Alkene Structure**: A branched alkene with a double bond. 2. **Interaction with HBr**: The double bond interacts with the HBr molecule. 3. **Product Formation**: The double bond is converted into two single bonds, with H and Br atoms added to the newly single-bonded carbons. Understanding such reactions is pivotal in organic chemistry, as they form the foundation for synthesizing a wide array of organic compounds.
Transcribed Image Text:### Electrophilic Addition Reaction of Alkenes: Reaction with HBr In this diagram, we observe the electrophilic addition reaction of an alkene with a hydrogen bromide (HBr) molecule. #### Reactants: 1. **Alkene**: The structure of the reactant alkene is depicted on the left side of the image. It includes: - A double bond between two carbon atoms (indicated by the double line). - Two additional single bonds extending from the central carbon atoms forming a branched structure with a methyl group. 2. **Hydrogen Bromide (HBr)**: Denoted by the chemical symbol "HBr" above the arrow. #### Reaction Description: - The arrow indicates the direction of the chemical reaction, moving from the alkene (left) to the product (right). - The presence of HBr signifies that the alkene undergoes an electrophilic addition reaction where HBr adds across the carbon-carbon double bond of the alkene. #### Products: The resulting product structure is depicted on the right side of the image, displaying: - The original carbon chain modified through the addition reaction. - The double bond in the alkene is broken, resulting in single bonds. - A bromine (Br) atom is added to one of the carbon atoms that were previously part of the double bond. - The hydrogen (H) atom from HBr is added to the other carbon atom from the double bond. ### Explanation of the Electrophilic Addition Reaction In an electrophilic addition reaction, the pi electrons of the alkene double bond react with the electrophile (HBr in this case). The double bond breaks, and the electrophile is added to the resulting single-bonded carbon atoms. This type of reaction typically proceeds via a two-step mechanism involving the formation of a carbocation intermediate. ### Visualization of the Reaction Process: 1. **Initial Alkene Structure**: A branched alkene with a double bond. 2. **Interaction with HBr**: The double bond interacts with the HBr molecule. 3. **Product Formation**: The double bond is converted into two single bonds, with H and Br atoms added to the newly single-bonded carbons. Understanding such reactions is pivotal in organic chemistry, as they form the foundation for synthesizing a wide array of organic compounds.
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