**Report Table PP.7: Ninhydrin Test***Analysis of Results for the Ninhydrin Tests*| Sample | Observation | Conclusion ||-----------|--------------|----------------------------------------------|| Glycine | blue-violet | || Tyrosine | blue-violet | || Gelatin | yellow | || Albumin | blue-violet | || Casein | blue-violet | |**Conclusion Options:**1. Amino acids are present2. Proline or hydroxyproline specifically is present3. No amino acids are present*Note: The table includes a dropdown menu for conclusions to be selected for each sample based on observations.* **Report Table PP.8: Xanthoproteic Test****Analysis of Results for the Xanthoproteic Tests**| | Observation ||---|---|| **Glycine** | Colorless || **Tyrosine** | Yellow || **Gelatin** | Colorless || **Albumin** | Yellow || **Casein** | Yellow |The table presents the results for the Xanthoproteic test, which is used to identify the presence of aromatic amino acids in proteins. The observations indicate whether an aromatic ring is present by showing a color change in the substance being tested.- Glycine: Observation is colorless. No aromatic ring is present.- Tyrosine: Observation is yellow. An aromatic ring is present.- Gelatin: Observation is colorless. No aromatic ring is present.- Albumin: Observation is yellow. An aromatic ring is present.- Casein: Observation is yellow. An aromatic ring is present.The interactive dropdown menu provides options to indicate whether an "aromatic ring is present" or "no aromatic ring is present," confirming the observations.

Proteins are folded peptides. Peptides are made up of amino acid residues linked via a peptide bond. Amino Acids are biomolecules that have an amino group and a carboxyl group and a side group linked to the same carbon atom called alpha carbon. Amino acids differ from each other based on the chemical nature of amino acid side groups. This difference in chemical nature is the reason why different amino acid side groups respond differently to biochemical tests, which can be used to determine the identity of amino acids present in the protein.Different biochemical tests are available for the qualitative estimation of amino acids. Some of them are described below. Ninhydrin Test The test detects primary and secondary amines. Ninhydrin (triketohydrindene hydrate) acts like an oxidising agent and reacts with amino acids at pH=4.0 to produce aldehyde and hydrindantin. The reaction also produces ammonia gas that reacts with the ninhydrin to form di-ketohydrin: a purple-coloured complex. If the colour of the solution turns blue-purple: the analyte is an amino acid if the colour is yellow then the analyte is proline. If the analyte is asparagine, the solution turns brown Xanthoproteic Test Aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan react with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) to form a coloured product. The benzene rings on side chains of aromatic residues undergo nitration to give a yellow-coloured product. The solution turns dark yellow/orangish if an alkali is added to the solution. Phenylalanine requires prolonged heating to form the coloured product because the phenyl group in phenylalanine is relatively more stable than other aromatic residues. Biochemical test Detects the presence of Observation if positive for the compound detected Ninhydrin Test Amino acid and proteins yellow if proline, brown if asparagine, blue-purple if it is a protein or any other amino acid Xanthoproteic Test phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan yellow-coloured solution but the yellow colour appears after prolonged heating in the case of phenylalanineNinhydrin Test: Since Glycine, Tyrosine, Albumin and Casein produce blue-violet colour, the conclusion for all four is: Amino acids are present. Since gelatin produces yellow colour the conclusion would be Proline and Hydroxyproline specifically present. Glycine and Tyrosine are amino acids while albumin is egg white protein and casein is milk protein. Gelatin is a derived protein, obtained by partial hydrolysis of a simple protein called collagen by treating it with acid or alkali. Collagen is a fibrous protein Collagen is made up of repeats of Gly - X - Y, where X is generally proline and Y is 4-Hydroxyproline. Xanthoproteic test: Glycine has single hydrogen as a side chain while Gelatin has proline/hydroxyproline whose side group is cyclic but not aromatic. Therefore they give a negative Xanthoproteic test and the conclusion would be: no aromatic ring present. Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid and Albumin and Casein have aromatic amino acid residues in them and therefore give a positive xanthoproteic test. The conclusion for them would be: aromatic ring present.

Science

Biochemistry

Report Table PP.7: Ninhydrin test Analysis of results for the Ninhydrin tests Glycine Tyrosine Gelatin Albumin Casein Observation blue-violet blue-violet yellow blue-violet blue-violet ✓ Choose... Choose Choose... Choose Choose... Table view amino acids are present proline or hydroxproline specifically is present no amino acids are present Choose Choose.. List view Conclusion

Report Table PP.7: Ninhydrin test Analysis of results for the Ninhydrin tests Glycine Tyrosine Gelatin Albumin Casein Observation blue-violet blue-violet yellow blue-violet blue-violet ✓ Choose... Choose Choose... Choose Choose... Table view amino acids are present proline or hydroxproline specifically is present no amino acids are present Choose Choose.. List view Conclusion

Principles Of Pharmacology Med Assist

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337512442

Author:RICE

Publisher:RICE

Chapter12: Parenteral Equipment And Supplies

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 24RQ

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Question

**Report Table PP.7: Ninhydrin Test**

*Analysis of Results for the Ninhydrin Tests*

| Sample | Observation | Conclusion |
|-----------|--------------|----------------------------------------------|
| Glycine | blue-violet | |
| Tyrosine | blue-violet | |
| Gelatin | yellow | |
| Albumin | blue-violet | |
| Casein | blue-violet | |

**Conclusion Options:**
1. Amino acids are present
2. Proline or hydroxyproline specifically is present
3. No amino acids are present

*Note: The table includes a dropdown menu for conclusions to be selected for each sample based on observations.*

**Report Table PP.8: Xanthoproteic Test**

**Analysis of Results for the Xanthoproteic Tests**

| | Observation |
|---|---|
| **Glycine** | Colorless |
| **Tyrosine** | Yellow |
| **Gelatin** | Colorless |
| **Albumin** | Yellow |
| **Casein** | Yellow |

The table presents the results for the Xanthoproteic test, which is used to identify the presence of aromatic amino acids in proteins. The observations indicate whether an aromatic ring is present by showing a color change in the substance being tested.

- Glycine: Observation is colorless. No aromatic ring is present.
- Tyrosine: Observation is yellow. An aromatic ring is present.
- Gelatin: Observation is colorless. No aromatic ring is present.
- Albumin: Observation is yellow. An aromatic ring is present.
- Casein: Observation is yellow. An aromatic ring is present.

The interactive dropdown menu provides options to indicate whether an "aromatic ring is present" or "no aromatic ring is present," confirming the observations.

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