relationship that may exist between mutations and cancer

Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?

Which of the following mutations will result in cancer? a. homozygous recessive mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene coding for a nonfunctional protein b. dominant mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed c. homozygous recessive mutation in which there is a deletion in the coding region of a proto-oncogene, leaving it nonfunctional d. dominant mutation in a proto-oncogene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed

Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in proto-oncogenes (b) tumor suppressor genes normally interact with growth-inhibiting factors to block cell division (c) more than 120 cancer-driving genes have been discovered (d) oncogenes were first discovered in mouse models for cancer (e) the development of cancer is usually a multistep process involving both oncogenes and mutated tumor suppressor genes

Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene.

Another model, the random model, proposes that any cell in a malignant tumor has the potential to form a new tumor. Does the cancer stem cell hypothesis contradict this idea?

________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a. Proto-oncogenes b. Tumor suppressor genes c. Gene mutations d. Negative regulators

What is a biomarker? the color coding of different genes a protein that is uniquely produced in a diseased state a molecule in the genome or proteome a marker that is genetically inherited

How can understanding the gene expression pattern in a cancer cell tell you something about that specific form of cancer?

What are some factors that epidemiologists have associated with a relatively high risk of developing cancer?