A cantilever R.C. beam is 280 mm x 500 mm deep and is reinforced with 4- 20 mm diam bars for tension. Using an effective depth of d = 450 mm, determine if the 2.50 m long beam is adequate to carry a uniform load of 15 KN/m and a concentrated load of 10 KN at the cantilever end in 2 ways. Use f’c = 21 MPa, fy = 275 MPa. Neglect the weight of beam. Use n = 9 (Alternate Method Design).

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.