[References] One step in the gluconeogenesis pathway for the biosynthesis of glucose is the partial reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The process occurs by hosphorylation with ATP to give 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, reaction with a thiol group on the enzyme to give an enzyme-bound thioester, and reduction with NADH. Enz-SH PO43- O OPO ATP ADP H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OPO32- 3-phosphoglycerate CH₂OPO3² 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate O= S-Enz H-C-OH CH₂OPO3² (Enzyme-bound thioester) NADHIH -H NAD*, Enz-SH C H-C-OH CH₂OPO glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Propose a structure for the first intermediate in the reaction of the enzyme-bound thioester with NADH to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. To simplify the drawing process, substitute the structure below for the enzyme-bound thioester.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
![rivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions - EOC
O
C-O
[References]
One step in the gluconeogenesis pathway for the biosynthesis of glucose is the partial reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The process occurs by
phosphorylation with ATP to give 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, reaction with a thiol group on the enzyme to give an enzyme-bound thioester, and reduction with NADH.
H-C-OH
ATP
ADP
CH₂OPO32-
3-phosphoglycerate
0=
OPO32-
C
H-C-OH
CH₂OPO32
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Enz-SH
PO43-
O=
C
S-Enz
H-C-OH
CH₂OPO3²
(Enzyme-bound
thioester)
NADH/H+
O=C
NAD*, Enz-SH
H
H-C-OH
CH₂OPO3²-
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Propose a structure for the first intermediate in the reaction of the enzyme-bound thioester with NADH to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
To simplify the drawing process, substitute the structure below for the enzyme-bound thioester.
S-CH3 substitute for the
CH2CH3
enzyme-bound
thioester
You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
• You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.
Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading.
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