Refer to the table below. During which years did the country have a budget surplus? Year Government expenditure (trillions of 2009 dollars) 0.75 O 2014 and 2016 2012 and 2013 O 2016 2015 2012 2013 2014 2015- 2016 0.80 0,87 0.95 1.06 Tax revenue (trillions of 2009 dollars) 0.80 0.83 0.86 0.95 1.02
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A:
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- Refer to the accompanying table for Waxwania. Government Expenditures, G Tax Revenues, T Real GDP $190 100 $500 190 120 600 190 140 700 190 160 800 190 180 900 a. What is the marginal tax rate in Waxwania? ____percent --The average tax rate? _____percent b. Suppose Waxwania is producing $600 of real GDP, whereas the potential real GDP (or full-employment real GDP) is $700.-How large is its budget deficit? $____ -Its cyclically adjusted budget deficit? $____ -Its cyclically adjusted budget deficit as a percentage of potential real GDP?________ percent6. Graphical treatment of taxes and fiscal policy The main difference between variable taxes and fixed taxes is that unlike fixed taxes, variable taxes The following graph shows the consumption schedule for an economy with a given level of taxes. Suppose the government implements a tax increase through a fixed tax. Use two green points (triangle symbol) to connect the two black points (plus symbols) representing the consumption schedule after the change in taxes. Hint: The new consumption schedule must pass through one point on the left and one point on the right. REAL CONSUMER SPENDING (Billions of dollars) 8 40 30 8 0 + + + O + ++ 20 40 60 REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) 80 + O + 100 Consumption with Tax Increase through a Fixed Tax Consumption with Tax Increase through a Variable Tax The blue line on the next graph represents the original total expenditure line for this economy before the change in tax structure. Use the new consumption line you just plotted to calculate the new…Directions: click on the graph in the window on the right and select Time Series to graph the U.S. public (federal) net outstanding debt as a percentage of GDP for the years 1940-2005. For Y Axis1 select Net Federal Debt, percentage of GDP. Use the figure to help determine which of the following statements are true. O A. The U.S. net federal debt to GDP ratio has been, for the most part, decreasing since the end of World War II, despite the fact that the U.S. economy was expanding and could afford a larger debt to GDP ratio. OB. As a result of the exceptionally large increases in U.S. government military expenditures in the first half of the 1940's, that were needed to win World War II, the net U.S. public debt to GDP ratio increased substantially, surpassing 100%. Since the late 1950's however, U.S. net federal debt to GDP ratio has fluctuated within a relatively small bend around the 40% line. OC. The net U.S. federal debt to GDP ratio follows a pattern that cannot have a meaningful…
- 9. Why do Social Security and Medicare pose problems for the federal government budget? The number of workers who can pay for the retirees is increasing. O Payroll taxes are capped and cannot be raised. O The number of retirees is decreasing. The number of sick people is rising too quickly. O Life expectancy of retirees is increasing. 10. Why do Social Security and Medicare pose problems for the federal government budget? The number of people retiring is increasing. The number of workers who can pay for these retirees is increasing. Life expectancy is decreasing. The number of sick people is rising too quickly. Social insurance taxes cannot legally be raised any further.D₂ Which of the following movements would be consistent with the government budget going from deficit to surplus and the simultaneous enactment of an investment tax credit? O a movement from Point A to Point C a movement from Point B to Point A O a movement from Point B to Point F a movement from Point C to Point BIn the United States, from the most recent fiscal data we reviewed in class, total government spending is roughly 39% of GDP; yet, using the expenditure method for calculating GDP, government expenditures on goods and services were only 17% of GDP. Which of the following most likely explains the difference? Select one: O a. Transfer payments are included in the second figure, but not the first one. O b. Transfer payments are included in the first figure, but not the second one. O c. Military (i.e. defense) spending on goods and services is included in the second figure, but not the first one. O d. Military (i.e. defense) spending on goods and services is included in the first figure, but not the second one.
- QUESTION 1 A new machine is to be purchased for $200,000. The company believes it will generate $75,000 annually in revenue due to the purchase of this machine. The company will have to train an operator to run this machine and this will result in additional labor expenses of $25,000 annually. The new machine will be depreciated using 5 years MACRS, even though the life of the project is 7 years, and the salvage value is estimated to be $0 at the end of year 7. The tax rate is 40% and the company's MARR is 15%.5. Now assume that a recession ( triggered by a reduction of Aggregate Demand ) causes each of the five incomes to fall by 25 % . In other words , income is 75 % of what they used to be . Given the lower income , a ) what would be the total tax revenue paid by each of the five citizens ? b ) what is the total tax revenue for the small nation ?Price (GDP price indes, 2013100) 140 130 120 110 X The figure above shows an economy aggregate demand curve and aggregate supply curves. Oiv only Oi only 22 Suppose the shift from ADQ to AD1 and from ASo to AS1 is the result of fiscal policy. Which of the policies below could lead to these shifts? i. An increase in government expenditure ii. A tax cut iii. A decrease in government expenditure iv. A tax hike ili and iv Real GDP prof2012) Oi and iv O i and il
- 10:35 PM A O 60 Aggregate Expenditures Schedule 50 Tools 40 C+1 Equilibrium 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 Real GDP (billions of dollars) Instructions: In part b, enter your answer as a whole number. In part c, round your answer to 1 decimal place. b. What is the equilibrium GDP for this country? billion c. What is the marginal propensity to consume for this country? Aggregate expenditures (billions of dollars)9. Problems and Applications Q9 Investment can be increased both by reducing taxes on private saving and by reducing the government budget deficit. True or False: It is possible to implement both of these policies at the same time because reducing taxes on private spending has the effect of decreasing the government budget deficit. O True False What would you need to know in order to judge which of these two policies would be more effective way to raise investment? Check all that apply. ✓ The elasticity of private saving with respect to the after-tax real interest rate The responsiveness of private saving to increases in investment ✔The response of private saving to changes in the government budget deficit6. Graphical treatment of taxes and fiscal policy The main difference between variable taxes and fixed taxes is that unlike fixed taxes, variable taxes do not vary with GDP The following graph shows the consumption schedule for an economy with a given level of taxes. Suppose the government implements a tax increase through a fixed tax. Use two green points (triangle symbol) to connect the two black points (plus symbols) representing the consumption schedule after the change in taxes. Hint: The new consumption schedule must pass through one point on the left and one point on the right. Hint: The new consumption schedule must pass through one point on the left and one point on the right. 50 Consumption with Tax Increase through a Fixed Tax Consumption with Tax Increase through a Variable Tax + 20 40 60 80 100 REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) The blue line on the next graph represents the original total expenditure line for this economy before the change in tax structure. Use the new…