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Rank these nucleophiles from most to least reactive for substitution reactions and give a brief rationale for your answer.

Rank these nucleophiles from most to least reactive for substitution reactions and give a brief rationale for your answer.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Rank these nucleophiles from most to least reactive for substitution reactions and give a brief rationale for your answer. 

The image contains chemical structures with negative charges depicted: 1. **Hydroxide Ion (\( \text{OH}^- \))**: - Represents an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, carrying a negative charge. 2. **Acetate Ion (\( \text{CH}_3\text{COO}^- \))**: - Shows a structure with a methyl group (\( \text{CH}_3 \)) attached to a carbonyl group (\( \text{C}=\text{O} \)) bonded to an oxygen, which carries a negative charge. 3. **Water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \))**: - Depicts a water molecule consisting of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. There are no charges shown on this structure. 4. **tert-Butoxide Ion (\( \text{OC(CH}_3\text{)}_3^-\))**: - Displays a structure with a central oxygen atom bonded to a tertiary butyl group, with the oxygen carrying a negative charge. The tert-butyl group consists of a central carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups (\( \text{CH}_3 \)). These structures are essential in understanding basic anions in organic chemistry. The ions often participate in various chemical reactions, particularly in nucleophilic substitutions and eliminations.
Transcribed Image Text:The image contains chemical structures with negative charges depicted: 1. **Hydroxide Ion (\( \text{OH}^- \))**: - Represents an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, carrying a negative charge. 2. **Acetate Ion (\( \text{CH}_3\text{COO}^- \))**: - Shows a structure with a methyl group (\( \text{CH}_3 \)) attached to a carbonyl group (\( \text{C}=\text{O} \)) bonded to an oxygen, which carries a negative charge. 3. **Water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \))**: - Depicts a water molecule consisting of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. There are no charges shown on this structure. 4. **tert-Butoxide Ion (\( \text{OC(CH}_3\text{)}_3^-\))**: - Displays a structure with a central oxygen atom bonded to a tertiary butyl group, with the oxygen carrying a negative charge. The tert-butyl group consists of a central carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups (\( \text{CH}_3 \)). These structures are essential in understanding basic anions in organic chemistry. The ions often participate in various chemical reactions, particularly in nucleophilic substitutions and eliminations.
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