Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Rank the following in order of reactivity in an E1 reaction, (1 = most reactive in an E1
reaction; 3 = least reactive in an E1 reaction).
![The image contains three structural representations of brominated hydrocarbons.
1. **Left Structure**:
- This molecule has a bromo (Br) group attached to a branched alkane. The bromo group is on the second carbon of a three-carbon side chain with a central branching forming an isopropyl group.
2. **Middle Structure**:
- This structure depicts a longer carbon chain with a bromine atom. The Br is attached to the first carbon in a linear hexane chain, forming a primary bromoalkane.
3. **Right Structure**:
- Similar to the left structure, this molecule also has a bromine atom attached to a branched carbon chain. The Br is at the second carbon of a butane chain, creating a secondary bromide in a branched configuration.
These diagrams illustrate various positions where the bromine atom can be attached within different hydrocarbon structures, showcasing examples of isomers in organic chemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fef720074-3ce9-464c-a25a-0db356318346%2F053167ed-8638-4514-883f-68dc119f3828%2Flluzhb_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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