RADIOACTIVITY. LAW OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY Activity units: Ci = 3.7 x 10" Bq 1. Nuclear decay law: N = Noe-at, The law of radioactive decay gives the quantitative relationship between the original number of nuclei present at time zero No and the number N at a later time t (sec), where e = 2.71828. is the base of the natural logarithm, and à is the decay constant for the nuclide (1/s). 2. Relationship between decay constant à and isotop half-life T,/2: 0.693 A= (2) Radioisotope Carbon-11 Half-life Modality T1/2 where A is decay constant (1/s), T1/2 is isotope half- Fuorine-18 life (s). 3. Activity or decay rate of a radioactive source A: Gallum-67 ΔΝ T1/a 20 minutes PET 110 minutes PET Copper-84 12.7 hours PET 78.3 hours SPECT Galium-68 68 minutes PET SPECT = AN Technetum-99m 6.02 hours At where A is activity or decay rate of a radioactive source (Bq), N is number of nuclei present at timet Thallum-201 (s ), a is decay constant (1/s). 4. Activity A of a radioactive source at a time t: Indium-111 67.3 hours SPECT lodine-123 13.22 hours SPECT 72.9 hours SPECT A = Age"dt = A,2"Fala A, is initial activity (Bq), T1/2 half life time of an isotope (s). 5. Relationship between mass and number of nuclei: т м NA m is mass (kg), M is molar mass (kg/mole), N is number of nuclei, NA = 6.022 - 1023 mole" is Avogadro's constant. 2. The 10-fold X-ray reduction values for (a) water, (b) concreate, (c) iron and (d) lead are equal 100 cm, 20 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Find corresponding values of linear attenuation cocfficients.
RADIOACTIVITY. LAW OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY Activity units: Ci = 3.7 x 10" Bq 1. Nuclear decay law: N = Noe-at, The law of radioactive decay gives the quantitative relationship between the original number of nuclei present at time zero No and the number N at a later time t (sec), where e = 2.71828. is the base of the natural logarithm, and à is the decay constant for the nuclide (1/s). 2. Relationship between decay constant à and isotop half-life T,/2: 0.693 A= (2) Radioisotope Carbon-11 Half-life Modality T1/2 where A is decay constant (1/s), T1/2 is isotope half- Fuorine-18 life (s). 3. Activity or decay rate of a radioactive source A: Gallum-67 ΔΝ T1/a 20 minutes PET 110 minutes PET Copper-84 12.7 hours PET 78.3 hours SPECT Galium-68 68 minutes PET SPECT = AN Technetum-99m 6.02 hours At where A is activity or decay rate of a radioactive source (Bq), N is number of nuclei present at timet Thallum-201 (s ), a is decay constant (1/s). 4. Activity A of a radioactive source at a time t: Indium-111 67.3 hours SPECT lodine-123 13.22 hours SPECT 72.9 hours SPECT A = Age"dt = A,2"Fala A, is initial activity (Bq), T1/2 half life time of an isotope (s). 5. Relationship between mass and number of nuclei: т м NA m is mass (kg), M is molar mass (kg/mole), N is number of nuclei, NA = 6.022 - 1023 mole" is Avogadro's constant. 2. The 10-fold X-ray reduction values for (a) water, (b) concreate, (c) iron and (d) lead are equal 100 cm, 20 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Find corresponding values of linear attenuation cocfficients.
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Calculate the activity due to 14C in 1.00 kg of carbon found in a living organism. Express the activity in units of Bq and Ci. It is known, that the half-life of 14C is 5730 years.
Transcribed Image Text:RADIOACTIVITY. LAW OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY
Activity units:
Ci = 3.7 x 10" Bq
1. Nuclear decay law:
N = Noe-at,
The law of radioactive decay gives the quantitative relationship between the original number
of nuclei present at time zero No and the number N at a later time t (sec), where e = 2.71828.
is the base of the natural logarithm, and à is the decay constant for the nuclide (1/s).
2. Relationship between decay constant à and isotop half-life T,/2:
0.693
A= (2)
Radioisotope
Carbon-11
Half-life
Modality
T1/2
where A is decay constant (1/s), T1/2 is isotope half- Fuorine-18
life (s).
3. Activity or decay rate of a radioactive source A: Gallum-67
ΔΝ
T1/a
20 minutes
PET
110 minutes PET
Copper-84
12.7 hours
PET
78.3 hours
SPECT
Galium-68
68 minutes
PET
SPECT
= AN
Technetum-99m
6.02 hours
At
where A is activity or decay rate of a radioactive
source (Bq), N is number of nuclei present at timet Thallum-201
(s ), a is decay constant (1/s).
4. Activity A of a radioactive source at a time t:
Indium-111
67.3 hours
SPECT
lodine-123
13.22 hours SPECT
72.9 hours
SPECT
A = Age"dt = A,2"Fala
A, is initial activity (Bq), T1/2 half life time of an isotope (s).
5. Relationship between mass and number of nuclei:
т
м
NA
m is mass (kg), M is molar mass (kg/mole), N is number of nuclei, NA = 6.022 - 1023 mole"
is Avogadro's constant.
Transcribed Image Text:2. The 10-fold X-ray reduction values for (a) water, (b) concreate, (c) iron and (d) lead are equal
100 cm, 20 cm, 10 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Find corresponding values of linear attenuation
cocfficients.
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