Questions 12-14: Results of a randomized clinical trial of a new vaccine formulated to protect against SARS CoV-2 infection are shown in the following table. A total of 100,000 adults who were negative for infection at baseline enrolled in the study. Estimates shown in the following table are based on results after follow-up of six months. SARS COV-2 SARS COV-2 Status Positive Total Subjects Negative Received Vaccine 10 49,990 50,000 Did not receive vaccine 200 49,810 50,000 4. What can you conclude if the Z score for these data is -7? O B. The vaccine significantly increased SARS CoV-2 infection. DA. The vaccine significantly reduced SARS COV-2 infection. O D. None of the above. o C. The vaccine had no effect.

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**Analysis of Clinical Trial Data for a SARS CoV-2 Vaccine**

The results displayed below are from a randomized clinical trial of a new vaccine designed to protect against SARS CoV-2 infection. A study was conducted with 100,000 adult participants who were initially negative for the infection. Results were collected after a six-month follow-up period. The outcomes are summarized in the table:

| Status                  | SARS CoV-2 Positive | SARS CoV-2 Negative | Total Subjects |
|-------------------------|---------------------|---------------------|----------------|
| **Received Vaccine**    | 10                  | 49,990              | 50,000         |
| **Did not receive vaccine** | 200                 | 49,810              | 50,000         |

**Interpretation and Statistical Analysis**

1. **Vaccine Group**:
   - Positive Cases: 10
   - Negative Cases: 49,990

2. **Non-Vaccine Group**:
   - Positive Cases: 200
   - Negative Cases: 49,810

**Question for Evaluation**

What conclusion can be drawn if the Z score for these data is -7?

**Options**:
- **A.** The vaccine significantly reduced SARS CoV-2 infection.
- **B.** The vaccine significantly increased SARS CoV-2 infection.
- **C.** The vaccine had no effect.
- **D.** None of the above.

**Analysis**:

The Z score of -7 strongly suggests statistical significance in the reduction of SARS CoV-2 infections due to the vaccine. Therefore, the most appropriate conclusion is:

**A. The vaccine significantly reduced SARS CoV-2 infection.**
Transcribed Image Text:**Analysis of Clinical Trial Data for a SARS CoV-2 Vaccine** The results displayed below are from a randomized clinical trial of a new vaccine designed to protect against SARS CoV-2 infection. A study was conducted with 100,000 adult participants who were initially negative for the infection. Results were collected after a six-month follow-up period. The outcomes are summarized in the table: | Status | SARS CoV-2 Positive | SARS CoV-2 Negative | Total Subjects | |-------------------------|---------------------|---------------------|----------------| | **Received Vaccine** | 10 | 49,990 | 50,000 | | **Did not receive vaccine** | 200 | 49,810 | 50,000 | **Interpretation and Statistical Analysis** 1. **Vaccine Group**: - Positive Cases: 10 - Negative Cases: 49,990 2. **Non-Vaccine Group**: - Positive Cases: 200 - Negative Cases: 49,810 **Question for Evaluation** What conclusion can be drawn if the Z score for these data is -7? **Options**: - **A.** The vaccine significantly reduced SARS CoV-2 infection. - **B.** The vaccine significantly increased SARS CoV-2 infection. - **C.** The vaccine had no effect. - **D.** None of the above. **Analysis**: The Z score of -7 strongly suggests statistical significance in the reduction of SARS CoV-2 infections due to the vaccine. Therefore, the most appropriate conclusion is: **A. The vaccine significantly reduced SARS CoV-2 infection.**
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