Question Four (4) In an ionic compound of sodium bromide, Na* – Br", the attractive (EA) and repulsive (ER) forces had energies varying with respect to ionic separation (r), described in accordance with the following; 7.75 x 10-7 ER 2.25 EA For these expressions, energies are expressed in electron volts (eV) per Na* – Br" pair, and r is the distance between participating ions, in nanometres (nm). a) Formulate a table of values for the repulsive energy (ER), the attractive energy (E,) and the net energy (En), against ionic separation (r) up to 1.1250 nm. b) Plot, on a single vertical-horizontal axes, the repulsive energy (ER), the attractive energy (E) and the net energy (EN), against ionic separation (r) up to 1.1250 nm. Based the plot in b), determine (i) the equilibrium spacing r, between the sodium (Na*) and bromine (Br") ions, determine also (ii) the magnitude of the bonding energy (E.) between the two ions. c) Repeat b) (i) and (ii) using a mathematical approach and, d) Compare and comment on your results in c) and d) above.
Quantum mechanics and hydrogen atom
Consider an electron of mass m moves with the velocity v in a hydrogen atom. If an electron is at a distance r from the proton, then the potential energy function of the electron can be written as follows:
Isotopes of Hydrogen Atoms
To understand isotopes, it's easiest to learn the simplest system. Hydrogen, the most basic nucleus, has received a great deal of attention. Several of the results seen in more complex nuclei can be seen in hydrogen isotopes. An isotope is a nucleus of the same atomic number (Z) but a different atomic mass number (A). The number of neutrons present in the nucleus varies with respect to the isotope.
Mass of Hydrogen Atom
Hydrogen is one of the most fundamental elements on Earth which is colorless, odorless, and a flammable chemical substance. The representation of hydrogen in the periodic table is H. It is mostly found as a diatomic molecule as water H2O on earth. It is also known to be the lightest element and takes its place on Earth up to 0.14 %. There are three isotopes of hydrogen- protium, deuterium, and tritium. There is a huge abundance of Hydrogen molecules on the earth's surface. The hydrogen isotope tritium has its half-life equal to 12.32 years, through beta decay. In physics, the study of Hydrogen is fundamental.
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