Question 7. One difficulty in estimating species richness is that many species have yet to be described. Suppose that the number of undiscovered species varies among taxa and that old clades tend to have more undiscovered species. In which direction would the observed relationship between species diversity and clade age be biased?

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Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.