18. (07.07 HC)Due to its location, Hawaii does not have very many land birds. The Hawaiianhoneycreepers are a favorite for many ornithologists. There are over 50 species ofhoneycreepers that can all be traced back to one ancestor. The level of diversity in anecosystem can be determined by the frequency of speciation and extinction. (8 points)a. Describe speciation and identify two possible prezygotic barriers of the Hawaiianhoneycreepers that contribute to speciation.b. If the Hawaiian honeycreepers became extinct, explain how the newly availableniches could lead to speciation.

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/89875a72-9f93-4398-84a9-e0a300d00d86.jpg

Answered: 18. (07.07 HC) Due to its location,…

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter17: Processes Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SA: Which of the following is not part of how we define a species? a. Its individuals appear different...

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Which of the following is not part of how we define a species? a. Its individuals appear different from other species. b. It is reproductively isolated from other species. c. Its populations can interbreed. d. Fertile offspring are produced.
The first step leading to allopatric speciation is (a) hybrid inviability (b) hybrid breakdown (c) adaptive radiation (d) geographic isolation (e) paedomorphosis
The reproductive isolating mechanism in which two closely related species live in the same geographic area but reproduce at different times is (a) temporal isolation (b) behavioral isolation (c) mechanical isolation (d) gametic isolation (e) hybrid inviability
Two species of fish had recently undergone sympatric speciation. The males of each species had a different coloring through which the females could identify and choose a partner from her own species. After some time, pollution made the lake so cloudy that it was hard for females to distinguish colors. What might take place in this situation?
Which of the following evolutionary processes is associated with allopolyploidy? (a) gradualism (b) allometric growth (c) sympatric speciation (d) mass extinction (e) preadaptation
An animal breeder, attempting to cross a llama with an alpaca for finer wool, found that the hybrid offspring rarely lived more than a few weeks. This outcome probably resulted from: a. genetic drift. b. prezygotic reproductive isolation. c. postzygotic reproductive isolation. d. sympatric speciation. e. polyploidy.
Figure 18.23 Which of the following statements is false? Punctuated equilibrium is most likely to occur in a small population that experiences a rapid change in its environment. Punctuated equilibrium is most likely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in species that live in a stable climate. Gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium both result in the evolution of new species.
What is the difference between micro- and macroevolution? a. Microevolution describes the evolution of small organisms, such as insects, while macroevolution describes the evolution of large organisms, like people and elephants. b. Microevolution describes the evolution of microscopic entities, such as molecules and proteins, while macroevolution describes the evolution of whole organisms. c. Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time. d. Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms over their lifetimes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms over multiple generations.
Which of the following could be an example of microevolution? a. a slight change in a bird populations color due to a smallgenetic change in the population b. large differences between fossils found near the groundsurface and those found in deep rock layers c. the sudden disappearance of an entire genus d. the direct evolutionary link between living primates andhumans e. a flood that drowns all members of a population
In evolutionary trees, each node represents an __________. a. single lineage c. divergence b. extinction d. adaptive radiation.
What is the main difference between dispersal and vicariance? a. One leads to allopatric speciation, whereas the other leads to sympatric speciation. b. One involves the movement of the organism, whereas the other involves a change in the environment. c. One depends on a genetic mutation occurring, whereas the other does not. d. One involves closely related organisms, whereas the other involves only individuals of the same species.
When systematists study morphological or behavioral traits to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a group of animals, they assume that: a. similarities and differences in phenotypic characters reflectunderlying genetic similarities and differences. b. the animals use exactly the same traits to identify appropriatemates. c. differences in these traits caused speciation in the past. d. the adaptive value of these traits can be explained. e. variations in these traits are produced by environmentaleffects during development.

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