Question 1a: The 2-paragraph quotation below from the article describes a profit motive by private entities as driving healthcare expenditures rather than societal value. Describe the difference between additive and substitutive healthcare expenditures. Be sure to include at least one characteristic of each that differs from the other. The connection between incumbent business models and the innovation pipeline is particularly relevant given that 58 percent of total funding for biomedical research in the US is now derived from private entitiesLinks to an external site., compared with 46 percent a decade prior. It follows that the growing influence of eminent private organizations may favor innovationsLinks to an external site. supporting their market dominance—rather than innovations that are societally optimal. Taken together, these observations suggest that innovation in health care is preferentially designed for revenue expansion rather than for cost reduction. While offering incremental improvements in patient outcomes, therefore creating theoretical value for society, these innovations rarely deliver incremental reductions in short- or long-term costs at the health systemLinks to an external site. level. Question 1b: Describe the disconnect between health policy in the U.S (as grounded in the three-part aim) and research. Refer to the quotation below from the article. From the supply side of innovation, for academic researchers, “breakthrough” and “groundbreaking” innovations constitute the basisLinks to an external site. for career advancement via funding and tenure. This is despite stakeholders’ frequent inability to generalizeLinks to an external site. early successes to become cost-effective in the clinical setting. Question 1c: Based on the following quotation from the article, what is needed to improve the alignment between research and policy in the U.S.? In other words, describe the kind of research that should be funded to address the three-part aim and to better manage a future pandemic. The shortcomings in net productivity revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the urgent need for redesign of health care delivery in this country, and reevaluation of the innovation needed to support it. Specifically, efforts supporting process redesign are critical to promote cost-reducing, substitutive innovations that can inaugurate new and disruptive business models.
Question 1a: The 2-paragraph quotation below from the article describes a profit motive by private entities as driving healthcare expenditures rather than societal value. Describe the difference between additive and substitutive healthcare expenditures. Be sure to include at least one characteristic of each that differs from the other.
The connection between incumbent business models and the innovation pipeline is particularly relevant given that 58 percent of total funding for biomedical research in the US is now derived from private entitiesLinks to an external site., compared with 46 percent a decade prior. It follows that the growing influence of eminent private organizations may favor innovationsLinks to an external site. supporting their market dominance—rather than innovations that are societally optimal.
Taken together, these observations suggest that innovation in health care is preferentially designed for revenue expansion rather than for cost reduction. While offering incremental improvements in patient outcomes, therefore creating theoretical value for society, these innovations rarely deliver incremental reductions in short- or long-term costs at the health systemLinks to an external site. level.
Question 1b: Describe the disconnect between health policy in the U.S (as grounded in the three-part aim) and research. Refer to the quotation below from the article.
From the supply side of innovation, for academic researchers, “breakthrough” and “groundbreaking” innovations constitute the basisLinks to an external site. for career advancement via funding and tenure. This is despite stakeholders’ frequent inability to generalizeLinks to an external site. early successes to become cost-effective in the clinical setting.
Question 1c: Based on the following quotation from the article, what is needed to improve the alignment between research and policy in the U.S.? In other words, describe the kind of research that should be funded to address the three-part aim and to better manage a future pandemic.
The shortcomings in net productivity revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the urgent need for redesign of health care delivery in this country, and reevaluation of the innovation needed to support it. Specifically, efforts supporting process redesign are critical to promote cost-reducing, substitutive innovations that can inaugurate new and disruptive business models.
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