Question 16 Homework • Unanswered Suppose that in the country of England, two goods can be produced on available agricultural land: wine and wool. Suppose that the opportunity costs of production are constant, so that the PPF is a straight line. Further, when all resources are devoted to wine production, England can produce 200 (thousand) barrels. When all resources are devoted to wool production, England can produce 400 (thousand) bushels of wool.
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- When a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good, it means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner. Then the country will specialize in the production of this good and trade it for other goods. The following graphs show the production possibilities frontiers (PPFS) for Yosemite and Rainier. Both countries produce com and lentils, each Initially (l.e., before specialization and trade) producing 30 million pounds of corn and 15 million pounds of lentils, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A. LENTILS (Milions of pounds) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 80 70 60 80 50 70 Note: Dashed drop lines will automatically extend to both axes. 40 60 30 50 20 40 10 30 PPF 0 20 10 0 0 0 Yosemite has a comparative advantage in the production of while Rainler has a comparative advantage in the production of . Suppose that Yosemite and Rainier specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a comparative advantage.…Meanwhile, in the country of Portugal, wool and wine can also be produced according to a linear PPF. However, when all resources are devoted to production of wine, Portugal can produce 100 barrels, but when all resources are devoted to wool production, portugal can produce 50 bushels. What are the opportunity costs in Portugal of producing a barrel of wine?Problem 2 Consider a simple exchange economy with two people: Bob and Jake. Bob and Jake both have ten hours of time available. The can use their time to do one of two things: make pancakes or make hamburgers. Bob can make two hamburgers in an hour or one pancake in an hour. Jake can make three pancakes in an hour or two hamburgers in an hour. Use this information to answer the following questions: a.) Draw Jake and Bob's PPFS, with hamburgers on the x-axis. b.) Give equations for Jake and Bob's PPFS in y = mx+b form, still treating hamburgers as the x variable. c.) Who has absolute advantage in the production of hamburgers? Who has absolute advantage in the production of pancakes? d.) Who has comparative advantage in the production of hamburgers? Who has comparative advantage in the production of pancakes? e.) Can Bob and Jake both benefit from trade if the terms of trade are one pancake per hambruger? Why or why not?
- If country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 100 units of good X. If country A uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 150 units of good Y. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 75 units of good X. If country B uses all of its resources efficiently, it can produce a maximum of 125 units of good Y. Both countries have (linear) straight line PPFs. What is the opportunity cost of producing 10 units of X in country A? (hint: your answer should be measured in the positive number of units of good Y that must be given up - round your answer to two decimal places only if necessary)The graph to the right depicts an economy, Home, that produces both flowers and soybeans. Flowers are the labor intensive good and soybeans are the land intensive good. Home presently exports flowers. The graph also indicates Home's optimal point of production, X. Suppose that Home has acquired more land in which it can now produce 12 units of soybeans if all land were devoted toward its production. Using the three-point curved line drawing tool, draw the new production possibilities frontier that indicates this biased growth of land in Home. Properly label this curve. Carefully follow the instructions above and only draw the required object. The growth biased toward land causes OA. export-biased growth. O B. a decrease in the relative price of flowers. OC. a rightward shift of the relative supply curve. O D. import-biased growth. 16- 15- 14- 13- 12- 11- 10- 9- 7- 6- 5- Growth of a Factor Soybean output VV TT 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Flower output €Suppose that the US economy produces agricultural products (A) and manufactured products (M). Explain and graphically illustrate the impact of each of the following events on the economy’s production possibilities curve (draw a new PPF for each, placing M on the vertical axis). a. Scientists develop a new fertilizer that will increase the productivity of land on which agricultural products are grown. b. The price of manufactured goods increases. c. Russian attacks on Ukraine devastate the Ukrainian wheat crop, increasing their demand for American wheat. d. The government increases taxes on manufactured goods.
- Suppose the economy initially produces 15,000 gallons of drinking water and 400,000 tons of steel, which is represented by point A. The opportunity cost of producing an additional 5,000 gallons of drinking water (that is, moving production to point B ) is tons of steel. Suppose, instead, that the economy currently produces 336,000 tons of steel and 20,000 gallons of drinking water, which is represented by point B. Now the opportunity cost of producing an additional 5,000 gallons of drinking water (that is, moving to point C ) is tons of steel. Comparing your answers in the two previous paragraphs, you can see that the opportunity cost of 5,000 additional gallons of drinking water at point B is the opportunitySuppose Musashi buys a new tool that enables him to produce twice as many tea towels per hour as before, but it doesn't affect his ability to produce cutting boards. Use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot his new PPF on the previous graph. Because he can now make more tea towels per hour, Musashi's opportunity cost of producing cutting boards is _______ it was previously. higher than lower than the same asAssume there are only two goods in the world: pizza and electric fans. Draw a production possibility frontier (PPF) illustrating the trade-off between the two (specific numbers are not needed – we are only looking for the basic shape of the PPF). On the same graph, draw new frontiers showing 1) what happens if a major plague reduced worldwide population significantly, and 2) if a machine is invented which doubles the number of fans that can be made in a day (but is irrelevant in the production of pizza).
- Suppose the fictional country of Biscayne produces two types of goods: agricultural and capital. The following diagram shows its current production possibilities frontier for sorghum, an agricultural good, and electric scooters, a capital good. Drag the production possibilities frontier (PPF) on the graph to show the effects of a time-saving innovation in the manufacturing of electric scooters. Note: Select either end of the curve on the graph to make the endpoints appear. Then drag one or both endpoints to the desired position. Points will snap into position, so if you try to move a point and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS (Thousands) 180 150 120 90 30 0 30 60 90 PPF 120 SORGHUM (Millions of bushels) 150 180 бо PPF ?When a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good, it means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner. Then the country will specialize in the production of this good and trade it for other goods. The following graphs show the production possibilities frontiers (PPFs) for Glacier and Rainier. Both countries produce corn and basil, each initially (i.e., before specialization and trade) producing 18 million pounds of corn and 9 million pounds of basil, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A. BASIL (Millions of pounds) 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 0 0 PPF 6 Glacier A 12 18 24 30 36 CORN (Millions of pounds) 42 48 ? BASIL (Millions of pounds) 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 0 0 PPF I + 6 Rainier 12 18 24 30 36 CORN (Millions of pounds) I 42 48 (?) Glacier has a comparative advantage in the production of while Rainier has a comparative advantage in the production of Suppose that Glacier and Rainier specialize in the production…This question is a file-upload question. Work your answer in a piece of paper, take a picture with your phone and upload the file. Using the table below answer the following: Points Soda Pizza A 10 В 1 6 3 a) Draw a PPF map (put soda in the vertical axis and pizza in the horizontal axis), showing all the points on the PPF. b) What is the opportunity cost of an extra pizza when you are on segment AB? What about when you are at segment CD? (i.e., how many sodas you have to give up in order to get an extra pizza? SHOW YOUR WORK!) c) What is your PPF's shape? Is it a straight line or does it have a bowed outward shape? Justify! d) Suppose that there is a new technology that affects ONLY the production of soda. Illustrate this effect on your PPF map.