Question 13: This "backwards" motion of the planets in the sky can be explained if we take a closer look at the Heliocentric Model when an inner planet passes an outer planet (such as Earth passing Mars). Below, there is a model of the Earth and Mars' locations on their orbit from September to April. Trace a line through Earth and Mars' positions at corresponding months and continue it outward until just before the blue line. This represents Mars' location against the background stars as seen from Earth. Finally, connect the tips of the lines that you drew to show how Mars' location in Earth's sky appears to change when Earth passes it. Background Stars Mars Orbit Earth Orbit Apr Apr Mar Mar Jan Jan Dec Dec Nov Sep Nov Sep 5° 10° 15°

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