Question 1. When the phrase "significant difference" is used, define the parameters of interest and state the null and alternative hypothesis. 2. When the phrase "significant difference" is used, should the null be rejected? Why or why not? 3. When the phrase "statistical significance" is used, define the parameters of interest and state the null and alternative hypothesis. 4. When the phrase "statistical significance" is used, should the null be rejected? Why or why not?
Question 1. When the phrase "significant difference" is used, define the parameters of interest and state the null and alternative hypothesis. 2. When the phrase "significant difference" is used, should the null be rejected? Why or why not? 3. When the phrase "statistical significance" is used, define the parameters of interest and state the null and alternative hypothesis. 4. When the phrase "statistical significance" is used, should the null be rejected? Why or why not?
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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I'd like some help with these questions. Use the placebo group as group 1 and the Vytorin group as group 2.
Transcribed Image Text:Name:
To be graded, all assignments must be completed and submitted on the original book page.
BEYOND THE NUMBERS 5.2
Statistical Significance
in the Media-Part I
EXHIBIT 1
Prescription to Pass
Drug Safety
Title:
Author:
Source:
Section Number:
***
Trial Intensifies Concerns about Safety of Vytorin
Alex Berenson
New York Times, July 22, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/
business/22drug.html
The following is an extract from a New York Times article on Vytorin:
In a clinical trial, the cholesterol-lowering drug Vytorin did not help people with heart-valve
disease avoid further heart problems but did appear to increase their risk of cancer, scientists
reported Monday.
Vytorin and Zetia, a companion drug, are prescribed each month to almost three million people un
worldwide and are among the world's top-selling medicines.
In the Seas trial, which involved nearly 1,900 patients whose heart valves were partially blocked,
participants were given either Vytorin or a placebo pill that contained no medicine. Scientists
hoped that the trial would show that patients taking Vytorin would have a lower risk of needing
valve replacement surgery or having heart failure. But the drug did not show those benefits.
"No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups for the combined primary
endpoint," Dr. Terje Pedersen, the principal investigator for the study and a professor medicine at Ulleval
University Hospital in Norway, said. The primary endpoint is the result that scientists hope to prove when
they conduct a clinical trial.
However, patients taking Vytorin in the Seas trial did have a sharply higher risk of developing and dying
from cancer. In the trial 102 patients taking Vytorin developed cancer, compared with 67 taking the
placebo. Of those, 39 people taking Vytorin died from their cancer, compared with 23 taking placebo.
The absolute numbers of cancer cases were relatively small. But they reached statistical significance,
meaning the odds were less than 5% that they were the result of chance.
Transcribed Image Text:Question
1. When the phrase "significant difference" is used, define the parameters of interest and state the
null and alternative hypothesis.
2. When the phrase "significant difference" is used, should the null be rejected? Why or why not?
ASSO
3. When the phrase "statistical significance" is used, define the parameters of interest and state the
null and alternative hypothesis.
4. When the phrase "statistical significance" is used, should the null be rejected? Why or why not?
Expert Solution
Step 1
1. When the phrase "significant difference" is used, the parameters of interest are the risk of needing valve replacement surgery or having heart failure between patients taking Vytorin and those taking placebo.
The null hypothesis is that there is no significant difference between the two groups. The alternative hypothesis is that there is a significant difference between the two groups.
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