Question #1: Solving for Income and Substitution EffectsFernando loves to garden and purchases garden gnomes (G) and garden hoes (H). Fernando has thefollowing utility function, U(G,H) = G4 H3/4. Suppose that Fernando has an income of $830 andthe initial price of a garden gnome (PG) is equal to $15 and the price of a garden hoe (PH) is equal to$10.(a) Use the Lagrangian Method to solve for the optimal basket of goods.(b) Calculate the utility that Fernando receives if he consumes the optimal basket.(c) Suppose that the price of garden gnomes rises to $25 per unit. Use the Lagrangian Method to solvefor the new optimal basket of goods. Find the total effect of the price change on the consumption of eachgood.(d) Find the substitution effect of the increase in the price of garden gnomes on the consumption of eachgood.(e) Find the income effect of the decrease in the price of garden gnomes on the consumption of eachgood. Are the goods normal or inferior? Briefly explain your answer.

The objective of the question is to determine the optimal basket of goods for Fernando given his…

Answered: Question #1: Solving for Income and…

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Please refer to the following information to answer the question (in bold) below: You enjoy consuming apples (A) and oranges (O). Suppose that your utility function over both goods is given by Your marginal utility function for apples is . Your marginal utility function for oranges is U (A, O) = AO³ MUA = 0³ MUO 3A0² . Currently, the price of apples is $10/peck, the price of oranges is $5/pound, and your income is $160. Assume that apples are your horizontal axis good and oranges are your vertical axis good. = When you set up the optimal decision rule for your consumer problem, which of the following statements best describes how much you will buy of apples and oranges at your consumer equilibrium? For each peck of apples, you will buy 1/3 pounds of oranges. For each peck of apples, you will buy 1 pounds of oranges. O For each peck of apples, you will buy 3 pounds of oranges. O For each peck of apples, you will buy 6 pounds of oranges.
Assume that a person’s utility depends on two products, x and y. The utility function is given by U(x, y) = (x + 2)^2(y + 3)^3. Find the marginal utility of x and marginal utility of y.
Problem 3 (10 points; 5 points for each part): Richard has a total utility function of: TU = 10q₁q₁²+24q2q2² +9192, where q₁ and q2 are goods. Richard is currently consuming at q₁ = 4 and q₂ = 6, which is also his utility maximizing consumption level. (Richard's optimal point is an interior solution). (a) How much additional utility would Richard receive if he were to increase his consumption of q2 from 6 to 7? (5 points). (b) How much q2 is Richard willing to pay (in terms of q2) in order to consume the 5th unit of q₁? (5 points).
Suppose that a consumer has the utility function U(X,Y)= 2X 1/2 y 1/2 for X>0 and Y> 0. Which of the following utility functions would not represent the same preferences? U(X,Y)= 2(X + Y) 1/2 U(X,Y)=2x1/2y 1/2 - 100 O U(X,Y)= In 2 + InX+ In Y O U(X,Y)= X 1/2 y 1/2 O U(X, Y) = 4XY
Compute marginal utilities and marginal rate of substitution for each of the utility functions given below. a) U(X,Y)= 1- e-ax -e-by b) U(X,Y)= XY + 3X + 5Y c) U(X,Y)= (0.3Xm +0.78m)/1 X1-a y1-b d) U(X,Y)= + 1-a 1-b
Kim spends all her weekly income of R200 on two goods, X and Y. The prices of the two goods are R5 per unit for X and R2 per unit for Y. She has a utility function expressed as: U(X, Y) = 5XY Express the budget equation mathematically. Determine the utility-maximising bundle of X and Y. Calculate the total utility that will be generated per unit of time for this individual.
A consumer’s preferences over pizza (x) and steak (y) are given by u(x,y) = x2y (HINT: MUx = 2xy and MUy = x2) and his income is I = $120 and py = $1. (a) Calculate his optimal bundle when pX = $8 (call this bundle A) and separately when pX = $1 (call this point C). (b) Finding the decomposition bundle B, calculate the income and substitution effects on the amount of pizza of a decrease in the price of pizza from pX = $8 down to pX = $1. (c) Forget about the decomposition bundle and the two effects. In (a), the price of pizza decreases, hence the agent ends up better off. Let’s quantify how much “better off” the agent becomes after this price drop, in dollars. For this, instead of the price drop, suppose the agent is given some money $m and he optimize utility with this additional gift included to his budget. What should m be, so that his optimal utility with his expanded budget is exactly equal to his utility at the bundle C (the bundle he chooses optimally when pizza price drops to…
A consumer with $120 income and the utility function u(x,y) = (x^2)y where x is food and y clothing can go for shopping in one of the two stores A or B, where the prices for food and clothing are respectively pAx = 1, PAy = 80 and PBx = 8, PBy = 1. (a) If she can visit only one of the stores, which one would she go and what would be her optimal bundle there? Could she afford this very bundle at the other store? (HINT: How happy would she be if she chooses to go to store A for shopping? To store B? Which one is higher and what bundle would she buy there?) (b) If she can freely visit both stores (so that she buys each good from the store where it is sold cheaper), what would be her optimal bundle? What would she buy from each store? (c) How much money would she be willing to give up (out of her $120 budget) for the ability to visit both stores as in (b) rather than being restricted to shopping in only one store (the one she chooses in (a)? (HINT: suppose she pays $A for this privilege.…
Lucas likes lemon soda (X) and chips (Y). His utility function is given by: U (X, Y) = X0.2Y0.8 He earns $40 per week to spend on lemon soda (X) and chips (Y). The prices of lemon soda and chips are $2 and $4 respectively. Find out Lucas’s utility-maximizing bundle of lemon soda and chips (X*, Y*). Set up the utility-maximization problem and find out the price ratio of these two goods. Find out Lucas’s marginal utility of lemon soda (MUX) and marginal utility of chips (MUY). Calculate the MRSXY . Set up the optimal tangency condition and solve for Y in terms of X. Solve for Lucas’s optimal consumption bundle of lemon soda (X*) and chips (Y*). Draw the optimal consumption bundle on the budget constraint BC1 in Q1. Denote it as Bundle A. Make sure to indicate the optimal consumption of lemon soda (X*) and chips (Y*). Draw an indifference curve that is tangent to the budget constraint at Bundle A. Calculate the value of the MRSXY (the value not the formula) at the optimal…
Problem 1 (25pts) Benjamin spends his time either watching movies (x1) (he uses "on demand" option, cable TV) or listening to songs MP3 downloaded from the Internet (x2). His preferences are described by - U(x1, x2) = ln(x1) + In(x2) - a) Derive Benjamin's demand for movies and MP3 files as a function of prices p1, p2 and his income m. (do not use Cobb Douglas formula but rather derive demand using "two secrets of happiness"). b) Fix the price of MP3 at p2 = 1, and income on m = 10. Find the price offer curve (give an exact formula x2 = f(x1)) and plot it in the commodity space. Find the demand curve x1 = f(p1) and plot it in the graph (with p₁ on vertical axis and x1 on horizontal axis). == c) Is x1 an ordinary good or a Giffen good? Explain. d) Now fix p₁ = 1 and p2 = 1. In the commodity space, plot the income offer curve. In addition, in two separate graphs, plot Engel curves for both movies and MP3 files. Argue that the two commodities are normal (not inferior). e) For the demand…
Fang likes playing badminton with her friends. Her utility function for playing badminton every week is given by U(t) = 11t – 2t2, where t is measured in hours. They play on a badminton court, which they can rent per hour. Suppose the current price to play on the badminton court is £2.50 per hour. How many hours should Fang play if she wishes to maximise her utility? Explain what we mean by the principle of diminishing marginal utility. Does the principle apply in Fang’s case? Explain why. In a diagram with income in pound sterling on the horizontal axis and quantity on the vertical axis, show the relationship between Fang’s budget and the number of hours that would maximise her consumer surplus.
Gino derives utility from only two goods, carrots (Qc) and donuts (Qd). His utility function is as follows:U(Qc,Qd) = (Qc)(Qd)The marginal utility that Donald receives from carrots (MUc) and donuts (MUd) are given as follows:MUc = Qd MUd = QcGino has an income (I) of £120 and the price of carrots (Pc) and donuts (Pd) are both £1. - what is Gino's budget line and what quantities of Qc and Qd will maximise Gino's utitlity? - holding income and Pd constant, what is Gino's demand curve for carrots? - suppose a tax of 1 pound per unit is levied on donuts. how will this alter Gino's utility maximisinzing market basket of goods?

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