Q3 How does the force Earth exerts on the Moon compare to the force the Moon exerts on Earth? Q4 Consider the following debate between two students about their answer to the previous question. Student 1: Ithought that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object also exerts a force that is equal in strength, but in the other direction. So even though Earth is bigger and more massive than the Moon, they still pull on each other with a gravitational force of the same strength, just in different directions. Student 2: I disagree. I said that Earth exerts the stronger force because it is way bigger than the Moon. Because its mass is bigger, the gravitational force Earth exerts has to be bigger too. I think you are confusing Newton's third law with the law of gravity.

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**Q3** How does the force Earth exerts on the Moon compare to the force the Moon exerts on Earth?

**Q4** Consider the following debate between two students about their answer to the previous question.

- **Student 1:** 
  I thought that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object also exerts a force that is equal in strength, but in the other direction. So even though Earth is bigger and more massive than the Moon, they still pull on each other with a gravitational force of the same strength, just in different directions.

- **Student 2:**
  I disagree. I said that Earth exerts the stronger force because it is way bigger than the Moon. Because its mass is bigger, the gravitational force Earth exerts has to be bigger too. I think you are confusing Newton’s third law with the law of gravity.

**Do you agree or disagree with either or both of the students? Explain your reasoning.**

**Q5** Why does the Moon orbit around the Earth, rather than vice versa?

Return now to the apple falling from the tree. If \( F_g \) is the only force that acts on the apple, then Newton’s 2nd law, \( \Sigma F = ma \), becomes \( F_g = mg \) where \( g = 9.8 \, m/s^2 \).

**Q6** According to Newton’s 3rd law, as an apple is falling toward Earth, the apple exerts a force on Earth. If the apple’s mass is 0.20 kg, what is the magnitude of the force the apple exerts on Earth?

**Q7** According to Newton’s 2nd law, a net external force always causes acceleration. That means that Earth accelerates toward the falling apple. Determine the size of the acceleration of Earth toward the apple. Use Newton’s 2nd Law with \( m_{Earth} = 6 \times 10^{24} \) kg.
Transcribed Image Text:**Q3** How does the force Earth exerts on the Moon compare to the force the Moon exerts on Earth? **Q4** Consider the following debate between two students about their answer to the previous question. - **Student 1:** I thought that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object also exerts a force that is equal in strength, but in the other direction. So even though Earth is bigger and more massive than the Moon, they still pull on each other with a gravitational force of the same strength, just in different directions. - **Student 2:** I disagree. I said that Earth exerts the stronger force because it is way bigger than the Moon. Because its mass is bigger, the gravitational force Earth exerts has to be bigger too. I think you are confusing Newton’s third law with the law of gravity. **Do you agree or disagree with either or both of the students? Explain your reasoning.** **Q5** Why does the Moon orbit around the Earth, rather than vice versa? Return now to the apple falling from the tree. If \( F_g \) is the only force that acts on the apple, then Newton’s 2nd law, \( \Sigma F = ma \), becomes \( F_g = mg \) where \( g = 9.8 \, m/s^2 \). **Q6** According to Newton’s 3rd law, as an apple is falling toward Earth, the apple exerts a force on Earth. If the apple’s mass is 0.20 kg, what is the magnitude of the force the apple exerts on Earth? **Q7** According to Newton’s 2nd law, a net external force always causes acceleration. That means that Earth accelerates toward the falling apple. Determine the size of the acceleration of Earth toward the apple. Use Newton’s 2nd Law with \( m_{Earth} = 6 \times 10^{24} \) kg.
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