Q10. From the pumping of a semiconfined aquifer of thickness 31 m and permeability 22 m/d, it is estimated that the recharge rate from an overlaying unconfined aquifer through an aquitard of thickness 2.5 m, is 55 mm/year. The average piezometric surface in the semiconfined aquifer is 15 m below the water table in the unconfined aquifer. Determine the hydraulic characteristics of the aquitard (semi-confining layer) and the aquifer. If a well drilled in the aquifer in is pumped at the rate of 4,000 m³/day, how many square kilometers of recharge area are required to sustain the flow at the estimated recharge rate?

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Groundwater Flow

The term groundwater refers to the water which is found beneath the earth's surface. Pores present in the soil and rocks with fractures make a passage for rainwater to enter the earth's surface and deposit as groundwater. The flow nature and direction of groundwater under the earth's surface directly impacts the strength and compressibility of the soil, which reflects its ability to support structural loads.