Q1: draw the connection for measuring the transformer polarity test (6 marks) Q2: (4 marks) a) What indicates a reversed output winding polarity? b) What is the effect of capacitive and inductive loads on the power factor/phase shift angel?
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- Please explain each stephow eddy-current losses and hysteresis losses can be reduced in a transformer core.A transformer has primary and secondary turns of 1250 and 125 respectively. It has core cross-sectionof 36 cm2 and its rms flux density is to be limited to 1.4 T (to prevent core saturation). Whatmaximum 50 Hz voltage can be applied on the primary side and the corresponding open-circuitsecondary voltage?The core has a mean length of 150 cm and its relative permeability can be assumed to be 8000. Whatwould be the rms exciting current when the transformer’s primary winding is excited at a voltage ascalculated above? Also calculate the magnetizing susceptance as seen from primary and secondarysides.If the transformer were to be excited at 60 Hz, 1. What should be the maximum primary voltage for thecore flux density limit not to be exceeded? 2. What would be the magnetizing susceptance as seen oneach side in this case?
- Due to the increase in load, what change you saw in the transformer’s output power and voltage regulation?When 2200 volts, 60 Hz is impressed on a certain transformer, the core loss is 240 Watts. When the frequency of the impressed voltage is changed to 25 Hz and the voltage is reduced to maintain the same flux density as before, the core loss falls to 75 Watts. Neglect impedance drop. What is the hysteresis loss at 60 Hz?9. A single-phase transformer has a turn ratio of 6, the resistances of the primary and secondary windings are 0.9 £2 and 0.025 2 respectively and the leakage reactances of these windings are 5.4 92 and 0.15 2 respectively. Determine the voltage to be applied to the low- voltage winding to obtain a current of 100 A in the short-circuited high voltage winding. Ignore the magnetising current.
- 1. Explain why transformer saturation occurs at a lower voltage value when the frequency of the ac power source is decreased?For a short-circuit test on a 2-winding transformer, with one winding shorted, can you apply the rated voltage on the other winding? (a) Yes (b) NoWhy is it important to reduce the moisture within a transformer to acceptable levels during transformer installation?
- Laminated insulations coated with varnish are normally used in the transformer? A. to reduce reluctance of magnetic path B. to reduce the effect of eddy current C. to increase the reluctance of magnetic path D. to reduce the hysteresis effect4. A single-phase, 1000-kVA, 2400/8000-V, 60HZ distribution transformer has the following parameters: Resistance of the 2400-V winding: R1 = 2.75 2 Resistance of the 8000-V winding: R2 = 29.4 2 Leakage reactance of the 2400-V winding: X1= 1.8 Q Leakage reactance of the 8000-V winding: X2 = 20 2 Exciting admittance on the 2400-V side: 0.002 - j0.008 S %3| Draw the equivalent circuit referred to the high voltage side of the transformer. a. b. Draw the equivalent circuit referred to the low voltage side of the transformer. Show the numerical values of impedances on the equivalent circuits. 5. The transformer in Problem 4. is supplying a rated load of 1000-kVA at a rated secondary voltage of 8000 V and at 0.8 power factor lagging. Neglecting the transformer exciting current, determine the input terminal voltage of the transformer on the low-voltage side.3. An 100-kVA, 2500/125-V, 50-Hz, step-down transformer has the following parameters: R₁ = 1.52, X₁ = 2.8 2. : R₂ = 15 m , : X₂ = 20m2,: Re - 3k, and: Xm 5 KQ. The transformer delivers 85% of the rated load at a terminal voltage of 110 V and a power factor of 0.866 lagging. Use the approximate circuit referred to as the primary. a. Determine the efficiency of the transformer. b. And the voltage regulation T