Q#1: [40 pts] (a) Draw an AS/AD graph. Assume that in your graph GDP* = 1,000 (million) and inf* = 8%. Put these values on your graph. If this graph represents the US economy, explain what major problem you see with this equilibrium. (b) Assume that mpc = 0.90 and the US government is considering two options for economic policy [see below]. Draw a graph for each option. Show the change in equilibrium and label the now
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- Consider the basic Macroeconomic model involving: Private sector consumption: C = co+c1(Y-T); Y = GDP, T = Taxes Tax function: T = to+t1Y Business sector investment: I = io+i2r, r=interest rate Government spending: G = Go Exports: X = xo+x1x; x = Exchange rate of the dollar Imports: M = mo+m1Y+m2x; x = Exchange rate (a) Identify and explain the parameters: co, t1, i2, and m2. (b) Solve this model for the equilibrium GDP (Y*).This question has four parts, here is the fourth and final part. 1.4. Create a graph for the aggregate expenditures (AE) model in Excel using the data from Table 1: A Private Closed Economy. (table 1 is in the attachment) tips: Remember, the 45degree line (also known as the Keynesian Cross) is a tool that shows how differences in aggregate expenditures and real GDP can affect business inventories which will affect future levels of real GDP. Aggregate expenditure and GDP are both function of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. So, the equations for the two are identical: Y = C + I + G + NX, and AE (aggregate expenditure) = C + I + G + NX For private closed economy the equation is: Y = C + I , and AE (aggregate expenditure) = C + IIllustrate an economy with a positive output gap in the IS/LM/PC model and explain the dynamics that will bring the economy back to equilibrium.
- The data in columns 1 and 2 in the table below are for a private closed economy. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Real Domestic Output (GDP = DI), Billions Aggregate Expenditures, Private Closed Economy, Billions Net Exports, Billions Aggregate Expenditures, Private Open Economy, Billions Exports, Billions Imports, Billions $150 $190 $30 $20 200 230 30 20 250 270 30 20 300 310 30 20 350 350 30 20 400 390 30 20 450 430 30 20 500 470 30 20 a. Use columns 1 and 2 to determine the equilibrium GDP for this hypothetical economy. $ billion b. Now open up this economy to international trade by including the export and import figures of columns 3 and 4. Fill in the gray- shaded cells in columns 5 and 6. Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. What is the equilibrium GDP for the open economy? billion What is the change in equilibrium GDP caused by the addition of net exports? billion c.…Suppose that the federal government decides to reduce the budget deficit and cuts government purchases by $200 billion and raise personal income taxes by $200 billion. Suppose the MPC = .5. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the government spending cut? Show your work. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the tax increase? Show your work. (Note: we know these numbers in parts A & B are not accurate quantitative assessments of the policy actions - but the exercise allows us to think about the mechanisms through which these policy actions will affect the economy.) Using the above numbers, draw the AS-AD diagram and illustrate the short-run impact of the combined policy action assuming the economy begins at potential output. Label the original equilibrium with point "A" and the new short-run equilibrium with point "B". Be sure to label the magnitude of the curve shift. Describe the impact of the policy action on…0 $75 150 225 Investment ($) Price Level AS Q₁ Real GDP Investment Demand $50 100 150 Investment ($) AD, (/=$50) Z AD, (/=$150) -AD, (/=$100) Refer to the above diagrams, in which the numbers in parentheses near the AD1, AD2, and AD3 labels indicate the level of investment spending associated with each curve. All figures are in billions. The economy is at point Y on the investment demand curve. Given these conditions, what policy should the Fed pursue to achieve a noninflationary full-employment level of real GDP? 10 S 12 11 13 of 26 ‒‒‒ View previous att Next >
- In the country of Arcadia, the minimum amount of consumption spending that will occur in a given year is $50- that is, no matter what level of income households have, the aggregate amount of consumption spending in the economy will be at least $50. In addition, for every extra dollar of national income, consumption spending will increase by $0.75. (Note: For the entirety of this problem, assume that Taxes = trans fers = 0, and the aggregate price level in Arcadia is fixed.) a. What is the marginal propensity to consume in Arcadia? [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW] b. Write out the consumption function for the Arcadian economy. [TYPE YOUR ANSWER BELOW]For the following problem, assume that the MPC, b, takes into account how much consumers spend as total income (Y) in the economy is changes. (Also: Hint GDP = Total Y) So we can rewrite our consumption function as :C= a +bYAssume:a= $2900 billionb=.75GDP= $9,000 billion.A) What is C=B) What is S=C) If consumers were the only ones buying goods in the economy, would the economy have an excess supply of goods, excess demand of goods or would the economy be at equilibrium ?Consider two closed economies that are identical except for their marginal propensity to consume (MPC). Each economy is currently in equilibrium with real GDP and total expenditure equal to $100 billion, as shown by the black points on the following two graphs. Neither economy has taxes that change with income. The grey lines show the 45-degree line on each graph. The first economy's MPC is 0.5. Therefore, its initial total expenditure line has a slope of 0.5 and passes through the point (100, 100). The second economy's MPC is 0.70. Therefore, its initial total expenditure line has a slope of 0.70 and passes through the point (100, 100). Now, suppose there is an increase of $30 billion in investment in each economy. Place a green line (triangle symbol) on each of the previous graphs to indicate the new total expenditure line for each economy. Then place a black point (plus symbol) on each graph showing the new level of equilibrium output.
- For the next four questions, assume the economy can be described by the following set of equations: C/Ỹ = 0.4 + 0.8Y (Please note the variable with the coefficient 0.8 is Y tilde. The variable by which C is divided is Y bar, potential output. It is difficult to read the notation.) I/Y = 0.3 – 2(R - F) G/Y = 0.3 C+I+G Y Also assume that F 0.02 and Y 10 %3D This is a complete IS model with a multiplier. You will be given the value of R set by monetary policy in each question. For all questions, enter the answer rounded to 1 decimal place.Which do you believe is the better macroeconomic policy to use for stabilizing (achieving potential GDP and controlling inflation) the economy - Monetary or Fiscal? SUPPORT your stance (for example, if you believe fiscal policy is better than monetary policy, explain how fiscal policy (pros) achieves these objectives better than monetary policy (cons)).If government spending as a percent of potential GDP had just risen from 18% to 20%, what does the spending allocation model predict would be happening in our economy to consumption, investment, and net exports? Sketch out the spending allocation diagram and show any changes that might have occurred.