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Elementary Geometry For College Students, 7e
7th Edition
ISBN:9781337614085
Author:Alexander, Daniel C.; Koeberlein, Geralyn M.
Publisher:Alexander, Daniel C.; Koeberlein, Geralyn M.
ChapterP: Preliminary Concepts
SectionP.CT: Test
Problem 1CT
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The image features a series of logical truth tables used in propositional logic. These tables help illustrate logical expressions and their truth values based on different combinations of truth values for their variables.

**Truth Tables Overview:**

1. **Expressions:**

   - Variations of logical expressions using the propositions `p` and `q`.
   - Use of logical operators such as not (`¬`), and (`∧`), or (`∨`).

2. **Columns:**

   - Each table consists of multiple columns representing:
     - The variables `p` and `q`
     - Intermediate logical expressions derived from `p` and `q`
     - Final expression for which the truth value is evaluated
   
3. **Rows:**

   - Each row provides a unique combination of truth values (True `T` or False `F`) assigned to the variables.
   - Evaluations of the intermediate expressions and the final expression based on the assigned truth values.

**Detailed Explanation:**

- **Table (a):** Evaluates the expression `p ∨ q | ¬p | ¬q | ¬p ∨ q`
  - Combinations of truth values for `p` and `q` are considered in sequence.
  - Intermediate columns display the result of `¬p` and `¬q`.
  - The final column shows the truth value of `¬p ∨ q`.

- **Table (b):** Similar pattern as table (a) with focus on a different expression involving `¬p ∧ q`.

- **Table (c) and (d):** Continue with different logical evaluations using the same methodological approach.

**Applications:**

- These tables are essential for understanding logical equivalences and implications in formal logic.
- Useful in computer science, philosophy, and mathematics for analyzing propositional statements and constructing valid arguments.
Transcribed Image Text:The image features a series of logical truth tables used in propositional logic. These tables help illustrate logical expressions and their truth values based on different combinations of truth values for their variables. **Truth Tables Overview:** 1. **Expressions:** - Variations of logical expressions using the propositions `p` and `q`. - Use of logical operators such as not (`¬`), and (`∧`), or (`∨`). 2. **Columns:** - Each table consists of multiple columns representing: - The variables `p` and `q` - Intermediate logical expressions derived from `p` and `q` - Final expression for which the truth value is evaluated 3. **Rows:** - Each row provides a unique combination of truth values (True `T` or False `F`) assigned to the variables. - Evaluations of the intermediate expressions and the final expression based on the assigned truth values. **Detailed Explanation:** - **Table (a):** Evaluates the expression `p ∨ q | ¬p | ¬q | ¬p ∨ q` - Combinations of truth values for `p` and `q` are considered in sequence. - Intermediate columns display the result of `¬p` and `¬q`. - The final column shows the truth value of `¬p ∨ q`. - **Table (b):** Similar pattern as table (a) with focus on a different expression involving `¬p ∧ q`. - **Table (c) and (d):** Continue with different logical evaluations using the same methodological approach. **Applications:** - These tables are essential for understanding logical equivalences and implications in formal logic. - Useful in computer science, philosophy, and mathematics for analyzing propositional statements and constructing valid arguments.
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p q ~p ~q ~p v ~q
T T F F F
T F F T T
F T T F T
F F T T T
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