Puberty in girls- What principal signs of puberty, 3 stages- Why is age of menarche lowering
Puberty or adolescence, involves physical and hormonal changes in the body resulting in transition of a child to a young adult reaching sexual maturity, thereby being able to reproduce. James M. Tanner, Professor and child development expert, first identified 5 distinct stages named Tanner stages or sexual maturity ratings.
Tanner stage 1- Begins typically after the 8th birthday of girls before any visible physical signs of puberty. The hypothalamus of the brain just starts sending gonadotropin-releasing hormone to the pituitary gland which in turn releases leutinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Tanner stage 2- It occurs usually between 9-11 years marking the onset of physical development. Breast buds formation under nipples begins. The uterus starts growing in size and pubic hair growth begins on the vulvar region.
Tanner stage 3- The physical changes start to become more prevalent. Breast buds continue to grow, pubic hair gets curlier and thick, armpit hair forms, acne on the back and face occurs, increase in height, and accumulation of fat in thighs and hip region occurs.
Tanner stage 4- Puberty changes are going in full speed around the age of 13. The breasts take up a fuller shape, and the first menstrual cycle occurs at this point. Height growth might slow down from here on.
Tanner stage 5- This marks the end of physical maturation, around 15 years of age. Breasts reach the size and shape of an adult, although changes can continue to occur till 18 years. Menstrual cycles become regular after 6 months to 2 years. Full development of reproductive organs and genitals and fullness in the shape of thighs, buttocks, and hips.
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