Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Provide the major molecules and organelles involved in transcription.
Introduction
The mechanism by which the cells encode a protein is referred to as protein synthesis. It is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves the following steps:
Transcription: The DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a complementary RNA molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase and occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Translation: The mRNA molecule produced during transcription is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is read by ribosomes. The ribosomes use the information in the mRNA to assemble a chain of amino acids that will form a protein.
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