**Organic Chemistry Reaction Problem Set**Provide products for each of the following reactions. **One of these reactions has a major and a minor product.** For the one that does, indicate which is the major and minor product.**(a)** Reaction of a cyclobutanone with a hydroxide ion (\(^-\text{OH}\)).\- The reactant is a four-membered cyclic ketone (cyclobutanone).- Reaction involves an equilibrium with hydroxide ions.**(b)** Reaction of a phenyl-2-propanone with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA).- The reactant is a ketone with a phenyl group.- LDA acts as a strong base for deprotonation of the α-carbon.**(c)** Reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone with benzaldehyde under basic conditions (\(^-\text{OH}\)) and heat.- Reactants include a ketone and an aldehyde.- Conditions suggest an aldol condensation with the formation of enolate.**(d)** Reaction of an ester (ethyl acetate) with potassium isopropoxide and acid (\(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\)).- Involves a two-step reaction: base-induced deprotonation and subsequent acid work-up.**(e)** Reaction of a hexan-2,5-dione with hydroxide ion (\(^-\text{OH}\)).- The reactant is a diketone.- The presence of hydroxide suggests a potential for enolization or other base-catalyzed reactions.*Note: Analyze each reaction to determine the potential mechanism and products, and indicate which specific reaction gives distinct major and minor products.*

A reaction involves the transformation of a compound into another. This transformation involves the addition, removal, or substitution of a functional group. Note: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub parts, we will provide the solution only to the first three sub parts as per our Q&A guidelines. Please repost the remaining sub parts separately.The given reaction a is an aldol addition reaction. The steps of the reaction are shown below. The first step is the formation of enolate. The H alpha to the keto group is acidic and can be abstracted by a base. This proton abstraction results in the formation of enolate. The next step is the attack of this enolate on the carbonyl C. The attack results in the formation of an adduct intermediate ion. The final step is the protonation. Thus, a betahydroxy ketone is formed.If heat was present, a water molecule is removed and an alpha-beta unsaturated ketone would be the product. LDA stands for lithium diisopropyl amide. Diisopropyl amide ion is a strong base and abstracts an acidic H. In this case, the acidic hydrogen is the H alpha to ketone. This abstraction of proton results in the formation of an enolate. The next step is the attack of enolate ion to the carbonyl C. Since only LDA is mentioned, the reaction stops here. For the formation of aldol product, a hydrolysis step is necessary. The given reaction c is an aldol condensation reaction. The steps of the reaction are shown below. The first step is the formation of enolate. Only the given ketone has alpha H. So, only it can form enolate ion. The next step is the attack of enolate ion on the carbonyl C of aldehyde. The attack of enolate ion on the carbonyl C of the aldehyde results in the formation an adduct intermediate ion. The next step is the protonation. Thus, a betahydroxy ketone is formed.Since heat is present, the condensation happens. The next step is the formation of double bond. The hydroxide ion abstracts an acidic proton. This results in the leaving of hydroxide ion and results in the formation of an alpha-beta unsaturated ketone. The products are a. b. c.

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Provide products for each of the following reactions. One of these questions has a major and a minor product. For the one that does show which is the major and minor product. (a) (b) @ + OH LDA CHO OH heat

Provide products for each of the following reactions. One of these questions has a major and a minor product. For the one that does show which is the major and minor product. (a) (b) @ + OH LDA CHO OH heat

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Concept explainers

Reactions of Ethers

Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.

Epoxides

Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.

Williamson Ether Synthesis

An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.

Question

**Organic Chemistry Reaction Problem Set**

Provide products for each of the following reactions. **One of these reactions has a major and a minor product.** For the one that does, indicate which is the major and minor product.

**(a)** Reaction of a cyclobutanone with a hydroxide ion (\(^-\text{OH}\)).\
- The reactant is a four-membered cyclic ketone (cyclobutanone).
- Reaction involves an equilibrium with hydroxide ions.

**(b)** Reaction of a phenyl-2-propanone with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA).
- The reactant is a ketone with a phenyl group.
- LDA acts as a strong base for deprotonation of the α-carbon.

**(c)** Reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone with benzaldehyde under basic conditions (\(^-\text{OH}\)) and heat.
- Reactants include a ketone and an aldehyde.
- Conditions suggest an aldol condensation with the formation of enolate.

**(d)** Reaction of an ester (ethyl acetate) with potassium isopropoxide and acid (\(\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\)).
- Involves a two-step reaction: base-induced deprotonation and subsequent acid work-up.

**(e)** Reaction of a hexan-2,5-dione with hydroxide ion (\(^-\text{OH}\)).
- The reactant is a diketone.
- The presence of hydroxide suggests a potential for enolization or other base-catalyzed reactions.

*Note: Analyze each reaction to determine the potential mechanism and products, and indicate which specific reaction gives distinct major and minor products.*

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Step 1: Organic reactions

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Step 2: Reaction a-aldol addition reaction

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Step 3: Reaction a-aldol addition reaction

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Step 4: Reaction b- reaction of ketone with LDA

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Step 5: Reaction c- Aldol condensation

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Step 6: Reaction c- Aldol condensation

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