Prove that every subgroup of Z is either the trivial group, {0}, or nZ = {nx | x E Z} for some n E N. %3D
Prove that every subgroup of Z is either the trivial group, {0}, or nZ = {nx | x E Z} for some n E N. %3D
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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Expert Solution
Step 1
To prove:
That every subgroup of is either the trivial group{0} or .
Proof:
Since,{0} is a trivial group of ,then there is nothing to prove.
Therefore,It is a subgroup of .
Now, we need to prove that is the subgroup of .
a) First,It is closed under addition on .
If , then there exist ,such that and .
Then,
b) The identity of , 0, is an element of , since ,so .
(c) Finally, let’s show that any element of has an inverse. Indeed if , then for some integer .
Then,
.
Therefore ,the inverse of a is also an element of .
Therefore,
from(a),(b) and (c)
is a subgroup of .
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