Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
You have an unknown compound that you are trying to identify. You start by collecting a mass
spectrum of the molecule and observe a molecular ion peak at 105 m/z. You also notice a
second peak at 107 m/z that is about 1/3 the height of the peak at 105. Show your
work/reasoning.
a. Based on this information, propose a molecular formula for the compound.
b. Based on your molecular formula, draw two possible structures for your compound. If
you can’t figure out the molecular formula, use C5H9BrO for the rest of the questions.
c. Indicate how you would distinguish between the two compounds based on each
compound’s IR spectrum. Be specific regarding regions in which you would or would not
find peaks.
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