Proportional Relationships in Chemical Reactions A chemist runs three trials of an experiment to produce ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂). The unbalanced equation is I N₂ + H₂ ->> NH3 The chemist places different amounts of the reactants in a reaction vessel, adjusts some of the conditions such as pressure and temperature, and then records the amounts of the reactants and the products in the table. Amount of Products and Reactants for N₂ + H₂ → NH3 Trial Original amount (mol) Final amount (mol) Change in amount (mol) H₂ NH3 N₂ H₂ NH3 N₂ H₂ NH3 N₂ 0.345 0.345 0.000 1 0.335 0.315 0.020 2 0.102 0.345 0.000 0.032 0.135 0.140 3 0.345 0.298 0.000 0.305 0.178 0.080 1. SEP Use Mathematics Calculate (in moles) the amount of each reactant that was used up in the reaction and the amount of product that was produced. Record your answers in the table.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![### Proportional Relationships in Chemical Reactions
A chemist runs three trials of an experiment to produce ammonia (NH₃) from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂). The unbalanced equation is:
\[ \text{N}_2 + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{NH}_3 \]
The chemist places different amounts of the reactants in a reaction vessel, adjusts some of the conditions such as pressure and temperature, and then records the amounts of the reactants and the products in the table below.
#### Amounts of Products and Reactants for \( \text{N}_2 + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{NH}_3 \)
| Trial | Original amount (mol) | Final amount (mol) | Change in amount (mol) |
|-------|------------------------|--------------------|------------------------|
| | \(\text{N}_2\) | \(\text{H}_2\) | \(\text{NH}_3\) | \(\text{N}_2\) | \(\text{H}_2\) | \(\text{NH}_3\) | \(\text{N}_2\) | \(\text{H}_2\) | \(\text{NH}_3\) |
| 1 | 0.345 | 0.345 | 0.000 | 0.335 | 0.315 | 0.020 | | | |
| 2 | 0.102 | 0.345 | 0.000 | 0.032 | 0.135 | 0.140 | | | |
| 3 | 0.345 | 0.298 | 0.000 | 0.305 | 0.178 | 0.080 | | | |
##### Task
1. **SEP Use Mathematics**: Calculate (in moles) the amount of each reactant that was used up in the reaction and the amount of product that was produced. Record your answers in the table.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa1e9afe9-8379-437d-a7bc-265eac60c7f1%2F7b43b4ac-ca67-423b-a3aa-ddb47df9b963%2Fhvk8px_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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