Promoter 18S 5.8S 28S 45S FRNA Transcription primary transcript 5' 18S 5.8S 28S 3' Cleavage (the light pink regions yare degraded) 18S 5.85 285 FRNA FRNA FRNA

Q: Why and how does an antisense oligonucleotide functionally inactivate an mRNA for use in translation…

A: Antisense RNA (asRNA), also referred to as antisense transcript,natural antisense transcript or…

Q: Explain the critically important role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in protein synthesis.

A: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play a vital role in protein synthesis by linking amino acids to…

Q: ICH one is the next tRNA that will arrive to the "A" site of this ribosome? 000000 Gly Arg Glu Pro…

A: The A site is where the next tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid binds to the mRNA. The tRNA…

Q: explain as you would to a 12th grader why it is necessary for introns to be spliced from pre-mRNAs.

A: Transcription is the process in which mRNA is synthesized from the DNA by the action of polymerase…

Q: A shortened version (apo B-48) of apolipoprotein B is formed by the intestine, whereas the…

A: Chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein particles made up of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins,…

Q: Why would translation not work if ribosomes could bind only one tRNA at a time?

A: According to the central dogma of the molecular theory, the information stored in the DNA is first…

Q: How does it improve the efficiency of protein synthesis to have several binding sites for tRNA close…

A: Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a…

Q: Define aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

A: Nucleic acids are biological macromolecules that are essential to all known forms of life as they…

Q: What is its functional difference with the RNA polymerases found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic…

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps in DNA dependent RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase catalyzes the…

Q: Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explain how they participate in gene regulation.

A: Answer- miRNA are non coding RNA because it does not code for any amino acid to form proteins.

Q: in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi-complex, the determination of proper folding depends on what…

A: One of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins, protein glycosylation has a…

Q: Describe the process of RNA splicing, including the roles of the spliceosome and self-splicing RNA…

A: RNA splicing is a form of RNA processing in which a newly made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)…

Q: Why is it advantageous to have a mechanism to override the effect of stop codons in protein…

A: In the central dogma,  the Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is formed from the template of Deoxyribonucleic…

Q: Use the sequence from the pre-mRNA shown below to answer the following question.…

A: Introduction :  The GU (5' splice site) and AG (3' splice site) recognise splice sites, signalling…

Q: Although the RBS (Ribosome-Binding Site) sequences vary considerably in different genes, they…

A: A ribosome binding site (RBS) is a sequence of nucleotides located upstream of the start codon of an…

Q: What steps in the elongation cycle of protein synthesis require GTP hydrolysis? What role does it…

A: The translation is a process where mRNA was translated into a polypeptide chain or protein, where…

Q: Splicing machinery must recognize three portions of the precursor RNA molecule: the 5’ splice site,…

A: The spliceosome, a huge ribonucleprotein complex, is responsible for removing introns from…

Q: Which parts of the spliceosome initiate the splicing of RNA?

A: The complex E of spliceosome is the part that initiate the splicing it recognises the pre mrna…

Q: Based on your knowledge of introns and pre-mRNA splicing, discuss whether or not you think…

A: Transcription is a process in which the nucleotide sequences of a gene are transcribed into the mRNA…

Q: The synthesis of a protein requires that the amino acids that constitute the growing polypeptide…

A: In the intricate dance of cellular processes, protein synthesis takes center stage, orchestrating…

Q: How do prokaryotic cells overcome the problem of a stalled ribosome on an mRNA that has no…

A: Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a…

Q: What is exactly done during the process of RNA processing

A: The RNA molecules undergo certain changes after their synthesis known as RNA processing. Both…

Q: List the steps in the processing of a typical eukaryotic mRNA precursor to prepare it for its…

A: Primary transcripts are formed during transcription. This primary transcripts undergoes alterations…

Q: RNA helicases are a class of proteins that bind mRNAs and influence their secondary structures and…

A: RNA helicase enzymes belong to a class of proteins that bind mRNAs and influence their secondary…

Q: Why can translation begin before transcription is complete in prokaryotes, but not eukaryotes?

A: Transcription and translation are two different processes that are essential for cellular…

Q: s of RNA and briefly explain their functional significance. In what reaction(s) do they participate?

A: Classification of RNA and DNA based on molecular size and function is vital to understand genetic…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.