Problem Solving. 1. A mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas exerts a total pressure of 3.0 atm on the walls of its container. If the partial pressure of hydrogen is 1.65 atm, find the mole fraction of oxygen in the mixture.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
THE BEHAVIOR AND PROPERTIES OF GASES AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL (DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE, GAS STOICHIOMETRY, EFFUSION AND DIFFUSION)
Problem Solving.
1. A mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas exerts a total pressure of 3.0 atm on the walls of its container. If the partial pressure of hydrogen is 1.65 atm, find the mole fraction of oxygen in the mixture.
2. Acetylenee gas can be produced by slowly reacting Calcium carbide with water.
CaC2 (s) + 2H2O (l) → C2H2 (g) + Ca(OH)2 (s)
If 45.0 g of calcium carbide is allowed to react with an excess amount of water, what will be the volume (in mL) of the acetylene gas produced under 3.5 atm and 305 K?
3. Carbon monoxide gas effuses from a container in 4.5 minutes. The same quantity of an unknown gas effuses in 8.2 minutes under the same conditions. What is the molar mass of the unknown?
4. It requires 45.0 seconds for a certain number of moles of gas to pass through a small opening into a vacuum. Under the same condition, it took 28.0 seconds of the same number of moles of argon gas to effuse. Find the molar mass of the unknown gas.
5. A molecule of oxygen gas has an average speed of 15.6 m/s at a given temp and pressure. What is the average speed of hydrogen molecules at the same conditions?
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