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Problem 9.1. The figure below shows information from monitoring wells sampling from subsurface confined and unconfined aquifers. Land surface Wells Aquitard, confining layer These wells are only open to the aquifer below the confining layer Water level Draw a cross section of the subsurface water system (i.e., everything below ground level) where you label the following: a) Water table (i.e. piezometric surface of the unconfined aquifer) b) Vadose (unsaturated) zone c) Unconfined aquifer

Problem 9.1. The figure below shows information from monitoring wells sampling from subsurface confined and unconfined aquifers. Land surface Wells Aquitard, confining layer These wells are only open to the aquifer below the confining layer Water level Draw a cross section of the subsurface water system (i.e., everything below ground level) where you label the following: a) Water table (i.e. piezometric surface of the unconfined aquifer) b) Vadose (unsaturated) zone c) Unconfined aquifer

Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN:9781337630931
Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Problem 9.1.** The figure below shows information from monitoring wells sampling from subsurface confined and unconfined aquifers. **Diagram Description:** - **Land Surface:** The top layer is labeled as the land surface, indicating where monitoring wells intersect the ground. - **Wells:** Several vertical lines represent wells descending from the land surface into the subsurface layers. The water levels in these wells are marked, showing varying heights. - **Water Level:** The water inside the wells demonstrates different levels, indicated by blue shading. - **Aquitard, Confining Layer:** A horizontal band labeled as the aquitard or confining layer separates different water-bearing formations. - **Notes on Wells:** A note on the diagram mentions that "these wells are only open to the aquifer below the confining layer." **Task Instructions:** Draw a cross-section of the subsurface water system (i.e., everything below ground level) and label the following: a) **Water Table:** Identify the piezometric surface of the unconfined aquifer. b) **Vadose (Unsaturated) Zone:** Label the unsaturated zone above the water table. c) **Unconfined Aquifer:** Mark the aquifer that is directly open to the surface, not confined by an impermeable layer. d) **Confined Aquifer:** Indicate the aquifer beneath the aquitard, which is under pressure due to confining layers above and below.
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 9.1.** The figure below shows information from monitoring wells sampling from subsurface confined and unconfined aquifers. **Diagram Description:** - **Land Surface:** The top layer is labeled as the land surface, indicating where monitoring wells intersect the ground. - **Wells:** Several vertical lines represent wells descending from the land surface into the subsurface layers. The water levels in these wells are marked, showing varying heights. - **Water Level:** The water inside the wells demonstrates different levels, indicated by blue shading. - **Aquitard, Confining Layer:** A horizontal band labeled as the aquitard or confining layer separates different water-bearing formations. - **Notes on Wells:** A note on the diagram mentions that "these wells are only open to the aquifer below the confining layer." **Task Instructions:** Draw a cross-section of the subsurface water system (i.e., everything below ground level) and label the following: a) **Water Table:** Identify the piezometric surface of the unconfined aquifer. b) **Vadose (Unsaturated) Zone:** Label the unsaturated zone above the water table. c) **Unconfined Aquifer:** Mark the aquifer that is directly open to the surface, not confined by an impermeable layer. d) **Confined Aquifer:** Indicate the aquifer beneath the aquitard, which is under pressure due to confining layers above and below.
### Educational Text **e) Piezometric surface of the confined aquifer** **f) An artesian flowing well (i.e. one where water is expected to rise to the surface without the need of a pump)** Draw an arrow in both the upper and lower aquifers showing the expected direction of (horizontal) flow in each aquifer based on the monitoring well data. The shape of the land surface is of no importance. --- **Explanation of Concepts:** - **Piezometric Surface**: This refers to the level to which water will naturally rise within a well in a confined aquifer due to the pressure in the aquifer. - **Artesian Flowing Well**: This is a type of well where the pressure in the aquifer is sufficient to push water to the surface without artificial lifting. In the context of this text, students or readers are expected to visualize or draw the direction of water flow based on data, which helps in understanding the natural movement of groundwater in aquifers.
Transcribed Image Text:### Educational Text **e) Piezometric surface of the confined aquifer** **f) An artesian flowing well (i.e. one where water is expected to rise to the surface without the need of a pump)** Draw an arrow in both the upper and lower aquifers showing the expected direction of (horizontal) flow in each aquifer based on the monitoring well data. The shape of the land surface is of no importance. --- **Explanation of Concepts:** - **Piezometric Surface**: This refers to the level to which water will naturally rise within a well in a confined aquifer due to the pressure in the aquifer. - **Artesian Flowing Well**: This is a type of well where the pressure in the aquifer is sufficient to push water to the surface without artificial lifting. In the context of this text, students or readers are expected to visualize or draw the direction of water flow based on data, which helps in understanding the natural movement of groundwater in aquifers.
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