Problem 2 (The Matching Problem). Suppose there are n people at a party, and the guests have put their coats in a dark coat room. As the guests leave, they grab their coats from the coat room at random (without replacement), since they cannot see.a) What is the probability that the first two people to leave both get their own coats?b) What is the probability that every person manages to get his or her own coat?c) What is the probability that nobody gets his or her own coat? [Hint: Consider the complement, and use Inclusion-Exclusion. Try small values of n first, to find a pattern.] d) What does the answer to part c) approach as n →∞? e) What is the expected number of people that get their own coat? [Hint: Use the Indicator Trick.]
Compound Probability
Compound probability can be defined as the probability of the two events which are independent. It can be defined as the multiplication of the probability of two events that are not dependent.
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Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the subject of probability. Although there are many different concepts of probability, probability theory expresses the definition mathematically through a series of axioms. Usually, these axioms express probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure with values ranging from 0 to 1 to a set of outcomes known as the sample space. An event is a subset of these outcomes that is described.
Conditional Probability
By definition, the term probability is expressed as a part of mathematics where the chance of an event that may either occur or not is evaluated and expressed in numerical terms. The range of the value within which probability can be expressed is between 0 and 1. The higher the chance of an event occurring, the closer is its value to be 1. If the probability of an event is 1, it means that the event will happen under all considered circumstances. Similarly, if the probability is exactly 0, then no matter the situation, the event will never occur.
Problem 2 (The Matching Problem). Suppose there are n people at a party, and the guests have put their coats in a dark coat room. As the guests leave, they grab their coats from the coat room at random (without replacement), since they cannot see.
a) What is the
b) What is the probability that every person manages to get his or her own coat?
c) What is the probability that nobody gets his or her own coat? [Hint: Consider the complement, and use Inclusion-Exclusion. Try small values of n first, to find a pattern.] d) What does the answer to part c) approach as n →∞? e) What is the expected number of people that get their own coat? [Hint: Use the Indicator Trick.]
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