Problem 19.91 Liquid A standard air conditioner involves a refrigerant that is typically now a fluorinated hydrocarbon, such as CH₂F₂. An air-conditioner refrigerant has the property that it readily vaporizes at atmospheric pressure and is easily compressed to its liquid phase under increased pressure. The operation of an air conditioner can be thought of as a closed system made up of the refrigerant going through the two stages shown here (the air circulation is not shown in this diagram). Expansion chamber Liquid Part A What is the sign of g for the expansion? O Positive. Compression (high pressure) During expansion, the liquid refrigerant is released into an expansion chamber at low pressure, where it vaporizes. The vapor then undergoes compression at high pressure back to its liquid phase in a compression chamber. O Negative. Submit Expansion (low pressure) Compression chamber Part B Request Answer What is the sign of q for the compression? O Positive. O Negative. Vapor Vapor < 1 of 41 > Review | Constants | Periodic Table

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Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Problem 19.91**

A standard air conditioner involves a refrigerant that is typically now a fluorinated hydrocarbon, such as CH₂F₂. An air-conditioner refrigerant has the property that it readily vaporizes at atmospheric pressure and is easily compressed to its liquid phase under increased pressure. The operation of an air conditioner can be thought of as a closed system made up of the refrigerant going through the two stages shown here (the air circulation is not shown in this diagram).

**Diagram Explanation:**

The diagram illustrates a typical refrigeration cycle with two main chambers:

1. **Expansion Chamber (Low Pressure):**
   - This part of the system allows the liquid refrigerant to expand and vaporize.
   - The arrow points from "Liquid" to "Vapor," demonstrating the phase change from liquid to gas at low pressure.

2. **Compression Chamber (High Pressure):**
   - After vaporization, the refrigerant is compressed to convert the gas back into a liquid.
   - The arrow indicates a phase change from "Vapor" to "Liquid," reflecting compression at high pressure.

**Text Below the Diagram:**
During expansion, the liquid refrigerant is released into an expansion chamber at low pressure, where it vaporizes. The vapor then undergoes compression at high pressure back to its liquid phase in a compression chamber.

**Part A:**

What is the sign of q for the expansion?

- ☐ Positive.
- ☐ Negative.

[Submit] [Request Answer]

**Part B:**

What is the sign of q for the compression?

- ☐ Positive.
- ☐ Negative.

[Submit] [Request Answer]
Transcribed Image Text:**Problem 19.91** A standard air conditioner involves a refrigerant that is typically now a fluorinated hydrocarbon, such as CH₂F₂. An air-conditioner refrigerant has the property that it readily vaporizes at atmospheric pressure and is easily compressed to its liquid phase under increased pressure. The operation of an air conditioner can be thought of as a closed system made up of the refrigerant going through the two stages shown here (the air circulation is not shown in this diagram). **Diagram Explanation:** The diagram illustrates a typical refrigeration cycle with two main chambers: 1. **Expansion Chamber (Low Pressure):** - This part of the system allows the liquid refrigerant to expand and vaporize. - The arrow points from "Liquid" to "Vapor," demonstrating the phase change from liquid to gas at low pressure. 2. **Compression Chamber (High Pressure):** - After vaporization, the refrigerant is compressed to convert the gas back into a liquid. - The arrow indicates a phase change from "Vapor" to "Liquid," reflecting compression at high pressure. **Text Below the Diagram:** During expansion, the liquid refrigerant is released into an expansion chamber at low pressure, where it vaporizes. The vapor then undergoes compression at high pressure back to its liquid phase in a compression chamber. **Part A:** What is the sign of q for the expansion? - ☐ Positive. - ☐ Negative. [Submit] [Request Answer] **Part B:** What is the sign of q for the compression? - ☐ Positive. - ☐ Negative. [Submit] [Request Answer]
### Central Air Conditioning System

In a central air-conditioning system, one chamber is inside the home and the other is outside. Which chamber is where, and why? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentence on the right. Make the sentence complete before submitting your answer.

**Matching Exercise:**

- Words to Match:
  - increases
  - expansion chamber
  - inside
  - outside
  - decreases
  - compression chamber

- Sentence:
  1. The expansion chamber is [Blank] the house and the compression chamber is [Blank]. During expansion, [Blank] and [Blank]. The air surrounding the [Blank] is cooled and then distributed throughout the house to cool it. If expansion occurred [Blank] the cool air would be wasted. [Blank] releases heat to the surroundings; it occurs outside so that the released heat can be dissipated by the outside air.

**Submit** [Button] **Request Answer** [Link]

---

### Part D

Imagine that a sample of liquid refrigerant undergoes expansion followed by compression, so that it is back to its original state. Would you expect that to be a reversible process?

- Options:
  - O Yes.
  - O No.

**Submit** [Button] **Request Answer** [Link]

---

### Part E

Suppose that a house and its exterior are both initially at 31°C. Some time after the air conditioner is turned on, the house is cooled to 24°C. Is this process spontaneous or nonspontaneous?

- Options:
  - O The process is spontaneous.
  - O The process is nonspontaneous.

**Submit** [Button] **Request Answer** [Link]
Transcribed Image Text:### Central Air Conditioning System In a central air-conditioning system, one chamber is inside the home and the other is outside. Which chamber is where, and why? Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentence on the right. Make the sentence complete before submitting your answer. **Matching Exercise:** - Words to Match: - increases - expansion chamber - inside - outside - decreases - compression chamber - Sentence: 1. The expansion chamber is [Blank] the house and the compression chamber is [Blank]. During expansion, [Blank] and [Blank]. The air surrounding the [Blank] is cooled and then distributed throughout the house to cool it. If expansion occurred [Blank] the cool air would be wasted. [Blank] releases heat to the surroundings; it occurs outside so that the released heat can be dissipated by the outside air. **Submit** [Button] **Request Answer** [Link] --- ### Part D Imagine that a sample of liquid refrigerant undergoes expansion followed by compression, so that it is back to its original state. Would you expect that to be a reversible process? - Options: - O Yes. - O No. **Submit** [Button] **Request Answer** [Link] --- ### Part E Suppose that a house and its exterior are both initially at 31°C. Some time after the air conditioner is turned on, the house is cooled to 24°C. Is this process spontaneous or nonspontaneous? - Options: - O The process is spontaneous. - O The process is nonspontaneous. **Submit** [Button] **Request Answer** [Link]
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