Problem 19.91A standard air conditioner involves a refrigerant that is typically now a fluorinated hydrocarbon, such as CH₂F₂. An air-conditioner refrigerant has the property that it readily vaporizes at atmospheric pressure and is easily compressed to its liquid phase underincreased pressure. The operation of an air conditioner can be thought of as a closed system made up of the refrigerant going through the two stages shown here (the air circulation is not shown in this diagram).Expansion chamberLiquid▼LiquidPart ACompression (high pressure)During expansion, the liquid refrigerant is released into an expansion chamber at low pressure, where it vaporizes. The vapor then undergoes compression at high pressure back to its liquid phase in a compression chamber.What is the sign of q for the expansion?O Positive.O Negative.SubmitExpansion (low pressure)Compression chamberPart BRequest AnswerWhat is the sign of q for the compression?O PositiveO Negative.VaporVapor1 of 41 >Review | Constants | Periodic Table Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentence on the right. Make the sentence is complete before submitting your answer.SubmitPart DYes.No.SubmitincreasesPart Eexpansion chamberinsideoutsidedecreasescompression chamberRequest AnswerRequest Answer1. The expansion chamber isImagine that a sample of liquid refrigerant undergoes expansion followed by compression, so that it is back to its original state. Would you expect that to be a reversible process?The process is spontaneous.The process is nonspontaneous.the house and the compression chamber isDuring expansion, qaysand surThe air surrounding theis cooled and then distributed througout the house to cool it. If expansion occurredreleases heat to the surroundings; itReset Helpthe cool air would be wasted.occurs outside so that the released heat can be dissipated by the outside air.Suppose that a house and its exterior are both initially at 31°C. Some time after the air conditioner is turned on, the house is cooled to 24°C. Is this process spontaneous or nonspontaneous?

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Problem 19.91 Liquid A standard air conditioner involves a refrigerant that is typically now a fluorinated hydrocarbon, such as CH₂F₂. An air-conditioner refrigerant has the property that it readily vaporizes at atmospheric pressure and is easily compressed to its liquid phase under increased pressure. The operation of an air conditioner can be thought of as a closed system made up of the refrigerant going through the two stages shown here (the air circulation is not shown in this diagram). Expansion chamber Liquid Part A What is the sign of g for the expansion? O Positive. Compression (high pressure) During expansion, the liquid refrigerant is released into an expansion chamber at low pressure, where it vaporizes. The vapor then undergoes compression at high pressure back to its liquid phase in a compression chamber. O Negative. Submit Expansion (low pressure) Compression chamber Part B Request Answer What is the sign of q for the compression? O Positive. O Negative. Vapor Vapor < 1 of 41 > Review | Constants | Periodic Table

Problem 19.91 Liquid A standard air conditioner involves a refrigerant that is typically now a fluorinated hydrocarbon, such as CH₂F₂. An air-conditioner refrigerant has the property that it readily vaporizes at atmospheric pressure and is easily compressed to its liquid phase under increased pressure. The operation of an air conditioner can be thought of as a closed system made up of the refrigerant going through the two stages shown here (the air circulation is not shown in this diagram). Expansion chamber Liquid Part A What is the sign of g for the expansion? O Positive. Compression (high pressure) During expansion, the liquid refrigerant is released into an expansion chamber at low pressure, where it vaporizes. The vapor then undergoes compression at high pressure back to its liquid phase in a compression chamber. O Negative. Submit Expansion (low pressure) Compression chamber Part B Request Answer What is the sign of q for the compression? O Positive. O Negative. Vapor Vapor < 1 of 41 > Review | Constants | Periodic Table

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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For a single substance at atmospheric pressure, classify the following as describing a spontaneous process, a nonspontaneous process, or an equilibrium system. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. • View Available Hint(s) Reset solid and liquid together at the melting point with no net freezing or melting solid melting above its melting point gas condensing below its condensation point liquid vaporizing above its boiling point liquid freezing below its freezing point solid melting below its melting point liquid and gas together at the boiling point with no net condensation or vaporization liquid vaporizing below its boiling point gas condensing above its condensation point liquid freezing above its freezing point Spontaneous process Nonspontaneous process Equilibrium system
For the reaction CO(g) + 3H2(g)- →CH4(g) + H,O(g) AH° = -206.1 kJ and AS° = -214.7 J/K The equilibrium constant for this reaction at 290.0 K is Assume that AH° and AS° are independent of temperature.
An endothermic reaction that has a negative entropy change would be described as what? Spontaneous Nonspontaneous at equilibrium Reversible Irreversible
For a certain reaction changeH֯ =-83.5 kJ and changeSͦ =-148 j/K. If the values of changeH֯ and changeSͦ can be assumed to be constant for all temperatures, the temperature at which the reaction is at equilibrium is?
Consider the following reaction at constant pressure. Use the information here to determine the value of AS surr at 298 K. Predict whether or not this reaction will be spontaneous at this temperature. N₂(g) +202(g) → 2NO₂(g) AHrxn = +88.4 kJ mol-1 ASsurr = +88.4J K-1 mol-1, reaction is spontaneous Assurr = -88.4J K-1 mol-1, reaction is spontaneous ASsurr = -88.4J K-1 mol-1, reaction is not spontaneous ASsurr = +297 J K-1 mol-1, reaction is spontaneous ⒸASsurr = -297J K-1 mol-1, reaction is not spontaneous
How does the entropy of the surroundings change duringan exothermic reaction? An endothermic reaction? Other thanthe examples in text, describe a spontaneous endothermic process
A process that takes place so slowly as to be capable of reversing direction in response to an infinitesimally small change in conditions is defined as which of the following terms? O Nonspontaneous process Spontaneous change O Irreversible process Reversible process
Snow and ice sublime spontaneously when the partialpressure of water vapor is below the equilibrium vaporpressure of ice. At 0°C the vapor pressure of ice is0.0060 atm (the triple-point pressure of water). Takingthe enthalpy of sublimation of ice to be 50.0 kJ mol-1,calculate the partial pressure of water vapor belowwhich ice will sublime spontaneously at-15°C.
Many types of cells are able to use membrane-spanning transport proteins and a source of energy to drive the active transport of glucose across the cell membrane. Let’s consider a specific protein that is able to transport (from outside the cell into the cytoplasm) one molecule of glucose for each molecule of ATP the protein hydrolyzes. The details of this process are not important for this problem except that you can treat it like equilibrium process. The overall reaction and the associated ΔG at 298 K for this process are given below. Glc(out) + ATP + H2O ⇌ Glc(in) + ADP + Pi @?=298 K, ΔG=−31.3 kJ mol-1 Additional Information: -Pi is “inorganic phosphate” (i.e. PO43– & related species). At equilibrium, [Pi] = 3 × 10-3 M.-The cell maintains a ratio of ATP to ADP of about 20 i.e. [ATP]/[ADP] = 20).-The maximum ratio of [Glc(in)] to [Glc(out)] occurs when the system is at equilibrium. a) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant for this process.b) Your expression for ?eq in…
Spontaneous chemical reactions proceed until they hit equilibrium. Once the reaction hits equilibrium, it stops until the product or reactant concentration changes. The reaction will then start again until the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and products are restored. If the statement isn’t accurate then tell me why that is the case.
What is a spontaneous process? Provide an example?