Problem 1: A -3% grade meets a +5% grade near an underpass. In order to maintain the minimum clearance allowed under the bridge and at the same time introduce a vertical transition curve in the grade line, it is necessary to use a curve that lies 200m on one side of the vertex of the straight grade and 100m on the other. The station of the beginning of the curve (200m side) is 10+ 000 and its elevation is 228m. a.) Determine the elevation at station 10 + 040. b.) If the uphill edge of the underside of the bridge is at station 10+ 220 and at elevation 229.60m, what is the vertical clearance under the bridge at this point? c.) Determine the stationing of the lowest point of the curve. P..C. 10+000 Fl. 228 m 40 -200 81=-38 10+040 B H -100 8 +59 8=(500+£0 3001 -

Q: to 0.5%. gth of curve.

A: Length :L=Ar=(1.5+3)0.5×100=900m

Q: 2. There is a Vertical Curve with a length of 300 feet, a gl of -3.2%, a g2 of 1.8%, a PVI at…

A: The grade of back tangent, g1=-3.2%The grade of forward tangent, g2=+1.8%The elevation of PVI…

Q: A +0.7% grade meets a -0.4% grade at sta 2+700 and at elevation 30 m. The max allowable change in…

A: Given information, n1 = 0.7%n2 = -0. 4%Maximum allowable change in grade/sta.=0.2%

Q: A +4.0% grade intersects a -3.0% percent grade al r two-lane highway with a design speed of 45 mph.…

A: Given: PVI station= 222+00 Elevation= 300.00 Design speed = V=45 mph   To determine: A) the minimum…

Q: Q3:- A parabolic vertical curve joins a grade of -3% to a grade of +5.5 %. The PVI is at station…

A: The downward gradient (g1) = -3% = -0.03   The upward gradient (g2) = +5.5% = 0.055The station of…

Structural components of framed construction

It is a rigid and stable framework of structures that consists of structural members like slabs, beams, and columns that can resist the deformation due to the self-weight and high external loads and transfer the applied loads safely to the substructure and consecutively to the ground. It is made of different materials, such as reinforced concrete, steel, and wood. In ancient days, load-bearing structures were used to build houses and houses were built using load-bearing walls.