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7) Refer to Figure 13-15 to answer the following questions.
- What is the profit-maximizing output level?
- What is the profit-maximizing price?
- What is the
average total cost at the profit-maximizing output level? - What area represents the firm's profit?
- At which output level are economies of scale exhausted?
- Does this graph most likely represent the long run or the short run? Why?
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- 4. Total cost, average cost, and marginal cost in the short run Suppose Kenji runs a small business that manufactures frying pans. Assume that the market for frying pans is a price-taker market, and the market price is $20 per frying pan. The following graph shows Kenji's total cost curve. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot total revenue, and the green points (triangle symbol) to plot profit for the first seven frying pans that Kenji produces, including zero frying pans. TOTAL COST AND REVENUE (Dollars) 175 125 100 75 50 25 o $$ D 0 D 1 2 4 5 QUANTITY (Frying pans) Total Cost 7 Total Revenue ProfitAssume that the cost data in the following table are for a purely competitive producer: Average Average Average Total Variable Marginal Cost Total Fixed Product Cost Cost Cost 1 $60.00 $45.00 $105.00 $ 45.00 30.00 42.50 72.50 40.00 3 20.00 40.00 60.00 35.00 4 15.00 37.50 52.50 30.00 12.00 37.00 49.00 35.00 6. 10.00 37.50 47.50 40.00 7 8.57 38.57 47.14 45.00 7.50 40.63 48.13 55.00 9. 6.67 43.33 50.00 65.00 10 6.00 46.50 52.50 75.00 Instructions: If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers. Select "Not applicable" and enter a value of "0" for output if the firm does not produce. a. At a product price of $57.00 (i) Will this firm produce in the short run? (Click to select) V (ii) If it is preferable to produce, what will be the profit-maximizing or loss-minimizing output? |(Click to select V output = units per firm (iii) What economic profit or loss will the firm realize per unit of output? |(Click to select v per unit = $ b.…Suppose that the market for microwave ovens is a competitive market. The following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. PRICE (Dollars per oven) 100 90 80 70 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 0 MC ATC AVC 10 15 20 25 30 35 QUANTITY (Thousands of ovens) 40 45 50 (?)
- 9. Problems and Applications Q9 The market for apple pies in the city of Ectenia is competitive and has the following demand schedule: Each producer in the market has a fixed cost of $6 and the following marginal cost: Quantity Marginal Cost (Dollars) 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Complete the following table by computing the total cost and average total cost for each quantity produced. Quantity Total Cost Average Total Cost (Ples) (Dollars) (Dollars) 1 2 3 4 3 8 10 12 14 The price of a pie is now $11. At a price of $11, making a profit of O True O Fal pies are sold in the market. Each producer makes True or False: The market is in long-run equilibrium. Suppose that in the long run there is free entry and exit. In the long run, each producer earns a profit of each producer makes pies, so there are The market price is producers operating. pies, so there are At this price, producers in this market, each pies are sold in this market, andThe following graph plots daily cost curves for a firm operating in the competitive market for demin overalls. Hint: Once you have positioned the rectangle on the graph, select a point to observe its coordinates. PRICE (Dollars per overalls) 50 45 40 35 15 10 5 0 0 2 MC ATC AVC 10 12 4 8 14 16 QUANTITY (Thousands of overallses per day) 18 20 In the short run, given a market price equal to $15 per overalls, the firm should produce a daily quantity of The rectangular area represents a short-run Profit or Loss On the preceding graph, use the blue rectangle (circle symbols) to fill in the area that represents profit or loss of the firm given the market price of $15 and the quantity of production from your previous answer. Note: In the following question, enter a positive number regardless of whether the firm earns a profit or incurs a loss. of $ overallses. thousand per day for the firm.Farmer Lee grows strawberries. The average total cost and marginal cost of growing strawberries in the long run for an individual farmer are illustrated in the graph to the right. Suppose the market price is $7.05 per box. If so, then farmers will strawberries until the market price is $ number rounded to two decimal places.) per box. (Enter a numeric the market for a real enter exit Price and cost (dollars per box) 10- 9- 8- 5- 3- 2- 1. 0 MC ATC 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Quantity of strawberries (boxes per week) o
- 7. You are economic consultant for Jack, who farms raw cotton in a perfectly competitive market. One day he gives you the following data at his present level of production: Output = 2000 pounds, market price = $5.00, total cost =$8000, fixed cost=$2000, marginal cost=$5. The minimum of AVC occurs at {1000 pounds at $2} and the minimum of ATC at {1500 pounds at $3.5}. Please help Jack with the following questions based on the above figures: a. Draw a graph for the raw cotton market and a graph for Jack’s farm current situation that includes MC, ATC, and AVC, labeling all relevant points on axes with numerical values. Is Jack maximizing the profit (minimizing the loss)? Why or why not? Label the total profit/loss area. b. Suppose more farmers enter the raw cotton market until the market price is $3.00 per pound. On the same graphs, show the effect of this change in the market place. Would you like to suggest Jack leaving the market in the short run? Explain your answe11. Profit maximization using total cost and total revenue curves Suppose Edison runs a small business that manufactures shirts. Assume that the market for shirts is a competitive market, and the market price is $25 per shirt. The following graph shows Edison's total cost curve. Use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot total revenue and the green points (triangle symbol) to plot profit for shirts quantities zero through seven (inclusive) that Edison produces. TOTAL COST AND REVENUE (Dollars) 200 175 150 125 100 0 -25 Ho 0 ☐ 1 ☐ 2 ☐ ▬▬▬ 3 4 5 QUANTITY (Shirts) ■ 6 Total Cost 7 8 O Total Revenue Profit ?pshotic 166& 5. Profit maximization and shutting down in the short run Suppose that the market for microwave ovens is a competitive market. The following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 100 90 80 ATC 70 60 40 30 AVC 20 10 MC 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY (Thousands of ovens) Σ 50 PRICE (Dollars per oven)
- Price ($/slice) For the pizza seller whose marginal, average variable, and average total cost curves are shown in the graph below, what is the profit- maximizing level of output and how much profit will this producer earn if the price of pizza is $2.50 per slice? Instructions: In the graph below, label all three curves by clicking on the dropdown to select the appropriate label. Then, indicate the profit-maximizing level of output on the graph. 3.50 3.25 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0 Cost Curves Tools -O Select ▼ Select ▼ Select ▼ Q* 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Quantity (slices/day)5. Costs in the short run versus in the long run Ike's Bikes is a major manufacturer of bicycles. Currently, the company produces bikes using only one factory. However, it is considering expanding production to two or even three factories. The following table shows the company's short-run average total cost (SRATC) each month for various levels of production if it uses one, two, or three factories. (Note: Q equals the total quantity of bikes produced by all factories.) Average Total Cost (Dollars per bike) Number of Factories Q = 100 Q = 200 Q = 300 Q = 400 Q = = 500 Q = 600 %3D 1 360 200 160 240 400 720 2 540 300 160 160 300 540 720 400 240 160 200 360 Suppose Ike's Bikes is currently producing 100 bikes per month in its only factory. Its short-run average total cost is $ per bike. Suppose Ike's Bikes is expecting to produce 100 bikes per month for several years. In this case, in the long run, it would choose to produce bikes using7. Short-run supply and long-run equilibrium Consider the competitive market for steel. Assume that, regardless of how many firms are in the industry, every firm in the industry is identical and faces the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC), and average variable cost (AVC) curves shown on the following graph.