Answered: Predict the volume of hydrogen…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

Predict the volume of hydrogen generated at 1.00 atm and
25°C by the reaction of 4.53 g scandium with excess aqueous hydrochloric acid.

Expert Solution

Step 1

Given that:

pressure of hydrogen gas = 1.00 atm
Temprature = 25°C
Mass of scandium = 4.53 g

To find:

volume of hydrogen generated?

Step 2

The reaction of scandium with excess aqueous hydrochloric acid is,

$S c_{(s)} + H C l_{(a q)} \to S {c^{3 +}}_{(a q)} + C {l^{-}}_{(a q)} + H_{2_{(g)}}$

The balanced ionic equation is,

$2 S c_{(s)} + 6 H C l_{(a q)} \to 2 S {c^{3 +}}_{(a q)} + 6 C {l^{-}}_{(a q)} + 3 H_{2_{(g)}}$

The number of moles of scandium can be found from the mass of scandium by the expression,

$N u m b e r o f m o l e s = \frac{M a s s (g)}{M o l a r m a s s (g / m o l)}$

Molar mass of scandium = 44.956 g/mol

$\begin{array}{rcl} N u m b e r o f m o l e s & = & \frac{4.53 g}{44.956 g / m o l} \\ = & 0.100765 m o l \end{array}$

Step 3

$2 S c_{(s)} + 6 H C l_{(a q)} \to 2 S {c^{3 +}}_{(a q)} + 6 C {l^{-}}_{(a q)} + 3 H_{2_{(g)}}$

$\begin{array}{rcl} 2 m o l e o f S c & = & 3 m o l e s o f H_{2} \\ 0.100765 m o l e o f S c & = & \frac{3 m o l e s o f H_{2} \times 0.100765 m o l e o f S c}{2 m o l e o f S c} \\ = & 0.15115 m o l e s o f H_{2} \end{array}$

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