Practice problem 3.1: Find the voltages at the three nonreference nodes in th h Figure below. 41 2 Answer: vi = 80 V, v2 =-64 V, v3 = 156 V. 1 ww レ差60 I3 10 A 40 3.2.1 NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VOLTAGE SOURCES

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If we need the currents, we can easily cal
= 3.333A
i = 5 A, i, = 2 = -1.6667 A, iz = " = 6.666A, i4 = 10 A, i5
%3D
%3D
%3D
4
The fact that iz is negative shows that the current flows in the direction opposite to the one
assumed.
Practice problem 3.1: Find the voltages at the three nonreference nodes in the circuit of
Figure below.
Answer: V1 = 80 V, v2 =-64 V, v3 = 156 V.
41,
2
1
10 A
ミ60
I3
3.2.1 NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VOLTAGE SOURCES
We now consider how voltage sources affect nodal analy
3.4 for illustration. Consider the following two possibilities
We use the circuit in Fig.
CASE 1: If a voltage source is connected between the reference node and a nonreference
node, we simply set the voltage at the nonreference node equal to the voltage of the voltage
source. In Fig. 3.4, for example,
V1 = 10 V
(3.10)
Thus our analysis is somewhat simplified by this knowledge of the voltage at this node.
al engine
Supernode
10 V
Biom
Figure 3.4 A circuit with a supernode.
CASE 2: If the voltage source (dependent or independent) is connected between two
nonreference nodes, the two nonreference nodes form a generalized node or supernode; we
apply both KCL and KVL to determine the node voltages.
A supernode is formed by enclosing a (dependent or independent) voltage source connected
between two nonreference nodes and any elements connected in parallel with it.
Transcribed Image Text:If we need the currents, we can easily cal = 3.333A i = 5 A, i, = 2 = -1.6667 A, iz = " = 6.666A, i4 = 10 A, i5 %3D %3D %3D 4 The fact that iz is negative shows that the current flows in the direction opposite to the one assumed. Practice problem 3.1: Find the voltages at the three nonreference nodes in the circuit of Figure below. Answer: V1 = 80 V, v2 =-64 V, v3 = 156 V. 41, 2 1 10 A ミ60 I3 3.2.1 NODAL ANALYSIS WITH VOLTAGE SOURCES We now consider how voltage sources affect nodal analy 3.4 for illustration. Consider the following two possibilities We use the circuit in Fig. CASE 1: If a voltage source is connected between the reference node and a nonreference node, we simply set the voltage at the nonreference node equal to the voltage of the voltage source. In Fig. 3.4, for example, V1 = 10 V (3.10) Thus our analysis is somewhat simplified by this knowledge of the voltage at this node. al engine Supernode 10 V Biom Figure 3.4 A circuit with a supernode. CASE 2: If the voltage source (dependent or independent) is connected between two nonreference nodes, the two nonreference nodes form a generalized node or supernode; we apply both KCL and KVL to determine the node voltages. A supernode is formed by enclosing a (dependent or independent) voltage source connected between two nonreference nodes and any elements connected in parallel with it.
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